四、文化遗产保护和传承取得成就
IV. Protecting and Carrying Forward Cultural Heritage文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6106.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6106.html
新疆文化遗产丰富。中央政府和新疆地方政府不断加强法制建设，推进文化遗产保护工作。《中华人民共和国文物保护法》和《中华人民共和国非物质文化遗产法》等法律法规对保护新疆各民族丰富多彩的文化遗产提供了重要法治保障。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6106.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6106.html
Xinjiang is a region rich in cultural heritage. The central government and the local government of Xinjiang have made a continuous effort to strengthen the legal system for the protection of the region’s cultural heritage. The Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Cultural Relics and the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Intangible Cultural Heritage provide important legal protection for the diverse cultural heritage of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6106.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6106.html
文物保护成果丰硕。目前，新疆有各级文物保护机构189个，文物保护网络基本建成。全面完成全国不可移动文物普查3次，可移动文物普查1次，文化遗产家底进一步摸清。截至2017年，新疆文物点9542处，其中世界文化遗产6处、全国重点文物保护单位113处、自治区级文物保护单位558处。文化文物系统现有博物馆93个（包括自治区博物馆和吐鲁番地区博物馆2个国家一级博物馆），馆藏文物45万件/套。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6106.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6106.html
Protection of cultural heritage yields results. Xinjiang has formed a cultural heritage protection network comprising 189 institutions at all levels. The region has completed three surveys on fixed national cultural relics and one on movable national cultural relics, forming a comprehensive database. By the end of 2017, Xinjiang had 9,542 cultural heritage sites, of which six were World Heritage sites, 113 were key national sites, and 558 were at the autonomous-region level. Xinjiang’s cultural heritage system contains 93 public museums, including two national first-grade museums – the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Museum and the Turpan Museum, with a collection of 450,000 items.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6106.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6106.html
新疆历史文化名城名镇名村街区保护取得显著成效。确立国家级历史文化名城5座、历史文化名镇3个、历史文化名村4个、历史文化街区2个、中国传统村落17个、中国少数民族特色村寨22个。多年来，中国政府对高昌故城遗址、北庭故城遗址、惠远新老古城遗址等一大批文物古迹进行修缮保护，抢救性保护修复3000余件珍贵文物。
Xinjiang has made great headway in protecting its historical and cultural cities, towns, villages and localities. The region now has five cities, three towns, four villages, and two localities that have been recognized as state-level historical and cultural divisions, as well as 17 traditional Chinese villages and 22 ethnic-minority villages with cultural significance. Over the years, the Chinese government has supported the repair and conservation of many cultural heritage sites, such as the Gaochang Ancient City Ruins, Beiting Ancient City Ruins, and new and old Huiyuan Ancient City, while rescuing and restoring more than 3,000 rare cultural relics.
考古发掘成果中外瞩目。截至2017年，新疆民丰尼雅遗址、尉犁营盘墓地、若羌小河墓地、库车友谊路晋十六国砖室墓、巴里坤东黑沟遗址、吉木乃通天洞遗址等8项考古发掘项目先后被列入当年全国十大考古新发现，出土了“五星出东方利中国”锦护臂、“王侯合昏千秋万岁宜子孙”锦被等国宝级文物。
Archeological findings attract wide attention. By the end of 2017, eight archeological programs, including the Niya Ruins in Minfeng County, Yingpan Cemetery in Yuli County, Xiaohe Cemetery in Ruoqiang County, 3rd-4th century brick graves in Kucha County, Dongheigou Ruins in Barkol County, and the Tongtiandong Cave in Jeminay County, had been listed among the National Top 10 Archeological Discoveries of the Year. The arm protector with the inscriptions of “Five stars appear in the East, sign of Chinese victory over the Qiang” and the silk quilt with inscriptions of “Marriages between princes and dukes bring prosperity to their posterity” unearthed from the Niya Ruins are national treasures.
古籍保护力度加大。成立了新疆维吾尔自治区古籍整理出版规划领导小组及办公室、古籍保护中心、古籍修复中心，建立少数民族古籍特藏书库。2011年，新疆古籍保护中心启动第一次古籍普查工作，对重点、珍贵古籍的基本内容、破损情况和保存状况登记造册。之后又数次开展普查。截至2017年，完成古籍整理普查14980种。已收藏的古代典籍文献包括汉文字（汉文字、西夏文和契丹文等）、阿拉美文字（佉卢文、帕赫列维文、摩尼文和回鹘文等10多种）和婆罗米文字（梵文、焉耆-龟兹文、于阗文、吐蕃文等）三大系统，共19种语言、28种文字，内容涵盖政治、经济、社会、宗教、天文、数学、医学、艺术等领域。古籍整理数字化建设日益加强。
Protection of ancient books has been strengthened. Xinjiang has set up a leading group and office in charge of the classification and publishing of the autonomous region’s ancient books, an ancient books preservation center, an ancient books restoration center, and a repository for ancient books and special collections of ethnic minorities. In 2011, the region’s Ancient Books Preservation Center started its first survey of ancient books, registering important and rare volumes and recording their content, physical condition, and preservation requirements. This was the first of several such surveys. By the end the 2017, the center had examined 14,980 books. Ancient books in its collection are written in 19 languages and 28 scripts, and fall into three language families: the Chinese language family (Chinese, Tangut, and Khitan scripts), the Aramaic family (more than 10 scripts, including the Kharosthi, Pahlavi, Manichaean, and Huihu scripts), and the Brahmi family (Sanskrit, Tocharian, Khotanese, and Tubo scripts). These books cover a wide range of subjects, including politics, the economy, society, religions, astronomy, mathematics, medicine, and the arts. Digitalization of ancient books and related work are further strengthened.
中国政府支持新疆以汉文和维吾尔文翻译、整理、出版了濒于失传的《福乐智慧》和《突厥语大词典》等古籍。组织古籍专家开展学术研究、提供咨询服务，邀请国内外古籍保护工作者、研究者和管理者交流研讨。2011年，国家文化部和新疆维吾尔自治区人民政府共同主办“西域遗珍——新疆历史文献暨古籍保护成果展”，其中孤本古籍超过半数，受到社会各界称赞。
The Chinese government has supported the translation, editing and publishing into Chinese and Uygur languages of Kutadgu Bilig (Wisdom of Fortune and Joy) and A Comprehensive Turki Dictionary, two works of the Karahan Kingdom period in the 11th century. The government has also organized experts in ancient books to carry out research and provide expertise in this field, and helped to arrange exchanges between Chinese and foreign professionals, researchers, and administrators engaged in the preservation of ancient books. In 2011, the Ministry of Culture and the local government of Xinjiang co-hosted an exhibition, titled “Recovered Treasures from the Western Regions: Progress in Preserving Xinjiang’s Historical Literature and Ancient Books”. More than half of the ancient books displayed at the exhibition were the only copies extant. This achievement was acclaimed by the widest range of interested parties.
非物质文化遗产得到有效保护。按照“保护为主、抢救第一、合理利用、传承发展”的原则，加强政策立法。2008年，新疆出台《新疆维吾尔自治区非物质文化遗产保护条例》；2010年，《新疆维吾尔自治区维吾尔木卡姆艺术保护条例》颁布实施。新疆出台一系列非物质文化遗产保护制度，为科学、系统地抢救保护非物质文化遗产提供了制度保障。
Intangible cultural heritage is effectively protected. Under the guiding principle of giving priority to both preservation and restoration, and pursuing sound utilization and development, the policy and legislation for protecting intangible cultural heritage have been strengthened. In 2008, the Regulations of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage were enacted. In 2010, the Regulations of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on the Protection of Uygur Muqam Arts were promulgated and put into force. In addition, Xinjiang has introduced a number of rules for protecting its intangible cultural heritage, which provide institutional guarantees for rescuing and preserving this heritage in a coordinated and systematic manner.
中国政府1951年、1954年两次抢救性录制维吾尔十二木卡姆。上世纪60年代开始，投入大量资金和人力，整理出版了包括柯尔克孜族史诗《玛纳斯》、蒙古族史诗《江格尔》等多种民间口头文学作品。编纂出版《中国民族民间舞蹈集成·新疆卷》《中国民间歌曲集成·新疆卷》《中国民间故事集成·新疆卷》等涵盖各民族音乐、舞蹈、戏曲等门类的十大艺术集成志书。“中华文脉——新疆非物质文化遗产保护记录工程”持续实施。截至2017年，新疆完成23位国家级代表性传承人抢救性记录工作，运用文字、图片、音像等多种记录手段，对非物质文化遗产项目实施了抢救性保护；创建了维吾尔族乐器、地毯和艾德莱斯绸织造3个非物质文化遗产项目国家级生产性保护示范基地；命名91个自治区级非物质文化遗产保护传承基地。
In 1951 and 1954, the central government made recordings of the music of the Twelve Muqams to rescue the Muqam arts. Since the 1960s, firm funding and manpower support from the government has enabled the publication of works of folk literature, including the Kirgiz epic Manas and Mongolian epic Jangar. The Collection of Chinese Ethnic and Folk Dances (Xinjiang Volume), Collection of Chinese Folk Songs (Xinjiang Volume), and Collection of Chinese Folk Tales (Xinjiang Volume) have been compiled and published to introduce the folk music, dances, drama and other arts of the region.
The program for protecting and preserving Xinjiang’s intangible cultural heritage as part of the initiative to promote Chinese cultural traditions is well under way. By the end of 2017, to rescue and preserve its intangible cultural heritage, Xinjiang had completed the recording of intangible cultural items presented by 23 state-level representative trustees in the form of written texts, images, audios and videos. Furthermore, the region had established three state-level demonstration bases that produce Uygur musical instruments, carpets and Etles silk for the preservation of these intangible cultural items. In addition, the region had set up 91 autonomous-region level bases for preserving and handing down its intangible cultural heritage.
新疆维吾尔木卡姆艺术、柯尔克孜史诗《玛纳斯》、维吾尔族麦西热甫分别列入联合国教科文组织“人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录”和“急需保护的非物质文化遗产名录”。入选国家级、自治区级非物质文化遗产代表性名录的项目分别有83项、294项，国家级、自治区级非物质文化遗产代表性传承人分别有112位、403位。
Uygur Muqam of Xinjiang and the Kirgiz epic Manas were registered on the “UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity”, and Uygur Meshrep on the “List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding”. Xinjiang has 83 items on the national representative list of intangible cultural heritage and 294 items on the autonomous-region list, as well as 112 state-level representative trustees and 403 autonomous-region representative trustees of its intangible cultural heritage.
民俗文化得到尊重与传承。新疆坚持尊重差异、包容多样、相互欣赏，充分尊重和保护各种民俗文化，实现多元文化和谐共处，各民族优秀传统文化得到有效保护和传承。在春节、清明节、端午节、中秋节以及肉孜节、古尔邦节等传统节日，各族人民都能享受法定假期。每逢节日，新疆各地民众用音乐、歌舞、传统体育竞技等文化活动来庆祝。汉族的“元宵灯会”、维吾尔族的“麦西热甫”、哈萨克族的“阿依特斯”、柯尔克孜族的“库姆孜弹唱会”、蒙古族的“那达慕大会”、回族的“花儿会”等民俗活动广泛开展，受到各族民众的欢迎。新疆提倡各民族相互尊重风俗习惯，倡导各民族在衣食住行、婚丧嫁娶、礼仪风俗等方面崇尚科学、文明、健康的风尚。
Folk cultures are respected and preserved. Xinjiang embraces cultural diversity and inclusiveness, and upholds mutual learning among cultures. The region fully respects and protects folk cultures, thus realizing the harmonious coexistence of different cultures and enabling the effective protection and preservation of the best traditions of all ethnic groups. All people in Xinjiang have the right to observe their own statutory festivals such as the Spring Festival, Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Ramadan, and Corban. They celebrate the festivals in many forms, such as playing music, dancing, and holding traditional sports events. Among popular folk festivals are the Han people’s Lantern Festival, the Uygur’s Meshrep, the Kazak’s Aytes, the Kirgiz’s Kobuz Ballad Singing Fair, the Mongolian Nadam Fair, and the Hui people’s Hua’er Folk Song Festival. The local government promotes mutual respect for folkways among all ethnic groups while encouraging appropriate and healthy lifestyles, wedding and funeral practices, and customs and rituals.
