（六）大力实施乡村振兴战略，农业农村发展新动能加快培育。乡村振兴战略规划（2018－2022年）出台实施，28个省级乡村振兴战略规划已印发，其他省（区、市）已基本完成规划编制工作，多规合一的村庄规划编制部署推进，乡村振兴的制度框架和政策体系逐步建立，乡村振兴阶段性重点工作全面展开。
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6797.html
6. We put strong focus on implementing the rural revitalization strategy and moved faster to foster new growth drivers for agricultural and rural development. 文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6797.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6797.html
The Strategic Plan for Rural Revitalization (2018-2022) was issued for implementation. A total of 28 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have already published complimentary plans. In addition, plans for all others have been basically completed, and work on rolling separate village development plans into one single plan has continued. The institutional framework and policy system for rural revitalization have been gradually established and all major work planned for the current stage has begun.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6797.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6797.html
一是农业基础进一步夯实。粮食总产量保持在1.3万亿斤以上。新增高效节水灌溉面积2158万亩，新增高标准农田8000多万亩，完成9亿多亩粮食生产功能区和重要农产品生产保护区划定任务。深入实施现代化种业提升工程，高标准建设国家南繁科研育种基地，加快推动粮油、蔬菜、水果等农作物种子种苗基地建设。172项重大水利工程累计开工133项，在建投资规模超过1万亿元。全年完成营造林2.34亿亩。开展“农业质量年”行动，加快推进质量兴农、绿色兴农、品牌强农，主要农产品质量安全监测合格率保持在97%以上，化肥、农药使用量均下降。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6797.html
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1) The foundations of agriculture grew stronger.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6797.html
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Total grain output exceeded 650 million metric tons. Efficient water-saving irrigation methods were newly applied to 1.44 million hectares of land. The area of high-standard cropland was increased by over 5.33 million hectares. We have established functional zones for grain production and protective areas for the production of major agricultural products on an area of over 60 million hectares. We stepped up the initiative to upgrade the modern seed industry, ensured high standards were adopted in the building of the Nanfan National Seed Breeding Base, and sped up construction on seed and seedling breeding bases for grain and oil-bearing crops, vegetables, and fruits.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6797.html
Work has begun on 133 of 172 planned major water conservancy projects, with the total investment in ongoing projects exceeding 1 trillion yuan. A total of 15.6 million hectares of land were afforested throughout the year. The Year of Agricultural Quality campaign was carried out to spur agricultural development by raising quality standards, promoting green development, and building strong brands. The percentage of major agricultural products that passed quality and safety tests remained above 97%, and the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides both decreased.
二是农村一二三产业融合发展取得积极进展。认定农村产业融合发展示范园100家，启动创建现代农业产业园62个、农业产业强镇254个。深入实施主要农作物生产全程机械化推进行动。大力发展智慧农业，农业生产、经营、管理、服务数字化水平进一步提升。农村新产业新业态加快培育。
2) Development of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries was much more integrated in rural areas.
A total of 100 demonstration parks for rural industry integration have so far been certified, and work started on building 62 modern agricultural industrial parks and 254 towns with agricultural strengths. We continued promoting complete mechanization of the production process for major crops. We also concentrated on developing intelligent agriculture, boosting the levels of digitization in agricultural production, operations, management, and services. New industries and new forms of business in rural areas enjoyed rapid development.
三是农业农村改革稳步推进。完善稻谷、小麦最低收购价政策制度。健全玉米和大豆市场化收购加补贴机制。农村土地征收、集体经营性建设用地入市、宅基地制度改革试点工作有序推进。宅基地和农房确权登记发证加快实施，土地承包权确权登记颁证工作基本完成，承包地已确权面积14.8亿亩，超过二轮家庭承包地（账面）面积。建立健全进城落户农民土地承包权、宅基地使用权、集体收益分配权维护和自愿有偿退出机制，在3个省、50个地市、150个县启动第三批农村集体产权制度改革试点。全国已有超过15万个农村集体组织完成改革，共确认集体成员2亿多人。集体林权制度改革进一步深化。
3) Agricultural and rural reforms registered steady progress.
We made improvements to the policy on setting minimum purchase prices for wheat and rice and to the mechanism for combining market-based purchases with government subsidies for corn and soybeans. Well-planned steps were taken to push forward with trial reforms on rural land requisition, the marketization of rural collective land designated for business-related construction, and the system for rural land designated for housing. We stepped up work to determine, register, and certify rural home land rights and rural housing property rights, and basically completed the work to determine, register, and certify contracted rural land rights. Rights on 986.7 million hectares of contracted land have been certified, exceeding the cadastral area covered during the second round of household land contracting in rural areas. We have set up robust mechanisms for former rural residents who now hold urban residency to protect their rights on contracted rural land, use rights on rural land designated for housing, and rights to share in the proceeds from rural collective undertakings, as well as their entitlement to voluntarily transfer these rights in return for compensation. The third batch of trials to reform the rural collective property rights system began in 150 counties in 50 prefectures and cities and in 3 provinces. To date, this reform has been completed by over 150,000 rural collectives nationwide and has involved more than 200 million people. Reform of collective forest tenure was furthered.
四是美丽宜居乡村建设步伐加快。农村人居环境整治三年行动全面启动。农村突出环境问题综合治理试点示范和农村生活污水治理示范有序开展。农村生活垃圾治理覆盖面进一步扩大，厕所革命积极推进。农村饮水安全巩固提升工程加快实施，农村自来水普及率进一步提升。农村公路建设加快推进。农村机井通电、小城镇中心村农网改造升级、贫困村通动力电等顺利完成。开展电信普遍服务试点、“宽带乡村”、“百兆乡村”示范工程，新一代信息基础设施建设工程加快推进。农村基层综合性文化服务中心建设有序推进。
4) Work on building a beautiful and livable countryside picked up pace.
The three-year campaign to improve rural living environments got underway across the country. We steadily moved forward pilot demonstration programs to comprehensively address serious environmental problems and demonstrations to treat household wastewater in rural areas. The project to manage household refuse was extended to more rural areas and the Toilet Revolution was actively carried forward. We stepped up efforts to consolidate and build on the progress made in providing safe drinking water, and increased the availability of tap water in rural areas. More rural roads were built. We successfully concluded the projects to provide power to all electric pump sets on rural flatlands, to upgrade power grids in small towns and hub villages, and to provide three-phase power to poor villages. We carried out trials of providing universal telecommunications services and demonstration projects to extend broadband connectivity, and particularly to install 100M fiber optic networks in rural areas, and moved faster to build next-generation information infrastructure there. The orderly development of multipurpose cultural service centers in rural areas continued.
（七）统筹推动区域协调发展，空间发展格局更趋优化。发挥各地区比较优势，努力缩小区域发展差距，大力推进新型城镇化建设，区域发展的协同性、联动性、整体性进一步增强。
7. We took holistic steps to promote coordinated regional development and saw further improvements in spatial development patterns.
We gave play to the comparative advantages of different regions, worked on narrowing regional development disparities, and focused on promoting new urbanization. Stronger levels of coordination, connectivity, and integration were achieved in development between regions.
一是进一步促进区域协调发展。建立更加有效的区域协调发展新机制的意见出台实施。推动西部地区进一步开发开放，新开工交通、能源等重点工程28项，总投资4825亿元。东北地区营商环境建设、民营经济发展、与东部对口合作等取得新突破，老工业城市和资源型地区转型稳步推进，城区老工业区、独立工矿区改造搬迁和采煤沉陷区综合治理持续实施。先进制造业在中部地区合理布局提速，汉江、淮河生态经济带发展规划以及湘南湘西承接产业转移示范区总体方案出台实施。东部地区新动能加快培育壮大，组织开展山东新旧动能转换综合试验区建设。革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区、贫困地区加快发展，交通、水利、能源、通信、物流等重大基础设施建设扎实推进，对口支援深入开展，支持新疆、西藏和四省藏区经济社会发展政策措施进一步完善。海洋经济发展示范区启动建设，海洋强国建设加快推进。国家级新区、临空经济示范区、综合配套改革试验区等功能平台的示范引领作用不断增强。沿边重点开发开放试验区建设稳步推进，形成了一批可复制可推广经验。
1) Further strides were made in promoting coordinated regional development.
The Guidelines on Establishing More Effective New Mechanisms for Coordinated Regional Development were released. To promote further development and opening-up in the western region, we launched 28 major projects in transportation, energy, and other fields with a total investment of 482.5 billion yuan. In the northeast, breakthroughs were made in improving the business environment, developing the private sector, and promoting cooperative partnerships with the eastern region; steady progress was made in the transformation of old industrial cities and resource-dependent areas; efforts were continued to rebuild or relocate old industrial districts within cities and independent industrial and mining areas and to implement comprehensive solutions in areas affected by mining-induced subsidence. In the central region, we moved faster to achieve a rational distribution of advanced manufacturing, and began to implement development plans for the Han and Huai river eco-economic belts and the general plan for industrial relocation demonstration zones in southern and western Hunan. The eastern region moved faster to foster and strengthen new growth drivers; in Shandong, work began on a comprehensive experimental zone for replacing old growth drivers with new ones.
Old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, border areas, and poor areas all recorded faster development, achieving solid progress in constructing major infrastructure such as transportation, water conservancy, energy, communications, and logistics facilities. We scaled up one-to-one assistance programs, and further improved economic and social policies and measures in Xinjiang, Tibet, and the Tibetan ethnic areas in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu, and Qinghai provinces.
We took faster steps toward building China into a strong maritime country, with construction beginning on demonstration zones for developing the marine economy. Many functional platforms, such as state-level new areas, airport economy demonstration zones, and experimental zones for integrated, complete reform, strengthened their ability to demonstrate and offer guidance on reform practices. Steady progress was made in the construction of experimental zones for development and opening-up in major border areas, giving rise to a set of practices applicable to other areas.
二是重大区域发展战略有力推进。以疏解北京非首都功能为“牛鼻子”，推动京津冀协同发展取得明显进展，河北雄安新区规划纲要、支持河北雄安新区全面深化改革和扩大开放的指导意见、河北雄安新区总体规划（2018－2035年）出台实施，北京城市副中心规划建设提速，京雄城际铁路开工建设，北京大兴国际机场建设和运营筹备工作全面推进。长江经济带共抓大保护格局进一步巩固，国土空间规划编制工作启动，“三水共治”、河湖清“四乱”专项行动扎实推进，1361座非法码头专项整治全面完成，长江干流断面水质优良比例明显提高。综合立体交通走廊建设加快推进，沿江高铁规划建设、省际待贯通路段建设提速、长江深水航道建设及干线港口铁水联运取得积极进展。粤港澳大湾区发展规划纲要发布实施，重点项目建设全面启动，港珠澳大桥正式开通运营，一系列便利港澳居民在内地发展的政策举措落地见效。支持海南全面深化改革开放的指导意见出台实施。长江三角洲区域一体化发展规划纲要启动编制。
2) Strong progress was recorded in implementing major regional development strategies.
With the focus on relieving Beijing of functions nonessential to its role as the capital, we made marked progress in promoting the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The Plan for Xiongan New Area in Hebei, the Guidelines on Supporting Xiongan New Area in Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Opening-up, and the General Plan for Xiongan New Area in Hebei (2018-2035) were unveiled for implementation. We sped up the development of the administrative center of Beijing Municipality, began construction on the Beijing-Xiongan Intercity Railway, and made progress on all fronts in building Beijing Daxing International Airport and preparing for its operation.
On the Yangtze Economic Belt, the pattern of close coordination on environmental protection was consolidated. We began formulating a territorial space plan, and made solid progress in employing the three-fold approach of controlling water pollution, restoring water ecosystems, and conserving water resources and in addressing four kinds of behaviors detrimental to environmental protection on rivers and lakes. Rectification work was completed on 1,361 illegal wharves, and the cross-section water quality of the main stream of the Yangtze River improved significantly. Work on the integrated multidimensional transportation corridor was stepped up. We made good progress in planning and building a high-speed railway along the Yangtze River, accelerating work on the unfinished sections of inter-provincial expressways, constructing a deep-water channel on the Yangtze, and installing combined rail-water transportation facilities at ports along its main channel.
We unveiled the Development Plan for Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and initiated major construction projects across the board. The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge was officially opened to traffic. Policies and measures to make it easier for Hong Kong and Macao residents to pursue development on the mainland came into effect and are producing positive results.
We implemented the Guidelines on Supporting Hainan in Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Opening-Up. Work began on drawing up a plan for integrated regional development of the Yangtze River Delta.
三是新型城镇化质量有效提升。农业转移人口进城落户更加便捷，大中城市落户政策持续放宽，居住证制度全覆盖目标基本实现，全国常住人口城镇化率达59.58%，户籍人口城镇化率达43.37%，比上年末分别提高1.06个百分点和1.02个百分点。一批跨省（区、市）城市群规划出台实施，各地城市群建设全面推进，现代化都市圈加快培育发展。
3) The quality of new urbanization was enhanced.
Rural household registration holders living in urban areas can now obtain permanent urban residency with greater ease. Permanent residency policies continued to be loosened in large and medium-sized cities, and the residence card system was basically implemented in all cities. The percentage of permanent urban residents reached 59.58%, while the percentage of registered urban residents reached 43.37%, 1.06 and 1.02 percentage points above the figures at year-end 2017 respectively. A group of plans for trans-provincial city clusters were published, city clusters throughout the country showed strong development, and modern metropolitan areas grew rapidly.
（八）着力保障和改善民生，发展成果更多更公平惠及人民群众。坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，紧紧围绕人民群众普遍关心的突出问题，推动一大批惠民举措落细落实。
8. We focused on ensuring and improving the people’s wellbeing and saw they enjoyed more of the fruits of development in a fairer way.
Upholding our vision of people-centered development, we pushed for detailed and effective implementation of a whole raft of initiatives aimed at benefiting the people and addressing prominent problems of public concern.
一是稳定就业有序推进。做好当前和今后一个时期促进就业工作的若干意见、推行终身职业技能培训制度的意见出台实施。公共就业创业服务持续加强，援企稳岗力度加大，支持农民工等人员返乡创业试点工作持续推进。高校毕业生就业创业促进计划等深入实施。制定出台推进全方位公共就业服务指导意见，“互联网+公共就业服务”全面推进。人力资源市场暂行条例发布实施，人力资源市场体系逐步健全。
1) Well-planned steps were taken to keep employment stable.
The Guidelines on Promoting Employment for the Present and Coming Period and the Guidelines on Implementing the Life-Long Vocational Skills Training System were promulgated. We enhanced public employment and business startup services, stepped up support for enterprises to keep employment stable, and continued the pilot projects to support rural migrant workers and others returning home to set up businesses. Programs to guide college graduates in finding jobs and starting businesses also continued. We formulated and unveiled the Guidelines on Providing Extensive Public Employment Services, and made impressive strides in instituting the Internet Plus Public Employment Services model. We introduced the Provisional Regulations on Human Resource Markets, thus opening the way for the gradual establishment of a robust HR market system.
二是社会保障制度日益完善。企业职工基本养老保险基金中央调剂制度正式实施，城乡居民基本养老保险待遇确定和基础养老金正常调整机制建立。统一社保费征收管理机构工作稳步推进，社保费征收管理制度进一步规范。整合城乡居民基本医疗保险制度持续推进。养老保险覆盖人数已超过9.42亿人，基本医疗保险覆盖人数已超过13.44亿人。国家跨省异地就医结算平台进一步完善，跨省定点医疗机构实现县级行政区全覆盖，外出农民工、外来就业创业人员全部纳入覆盖范围，异地就医直接结算累计达152.6万人次。生育保险与职工医保合并实施试点稳步推进。失业保险“保生活、防失业、促就业”功能不断完善。农民工参加工伤保险政策进一步健全。低保制度不断完善，城乡低保实现全覆盖且保障水平持续提高。退役士兵就业安置进一步加强，带病回乡退伍军人、参战参试退役人员等优抚对象生活补助标准提高。社会福利服务体系建设加强，社会救助综合改革试点有序开展。城镇保障性安居工程建设扎实推进，城镇棚户区住房改造开工达626万套，公租房新增分配100万套，大中城市住房租赁市场加快培育。农村危房改造190万户。
2) Improvements were made to the social security system on a continuing basis.
The central regulation system for enterprise employees’ basic old-age insurance funds formally came into operation. Mechanisms were established to set standards on benefits for rural and non-working urban residents under the basic old-age insurance scheme and to allow for regular adjustment of their basic pension benefits. Steady strides were made in bringing the tasks of collecting and managing social insurance premiums under the remit of a single agency, and regulation in this area was further improved. We continued to make progress in aligning basic medical insurance schemes for rural residents and non-working urban residents. In total, more than 942 million people are now covered by basic old-age insurance schemes, and over 1.344 billion people are covered by basic medical insurance plans.
We improved the national platform for trans-provincial settlement of medical bills through basic medical insurance accounts. We have ensured there are hospitals designated for trans-provincial settlement in all county-level administrative areas, and have seen that rural migrant workers and other workers and business owners without local residency have been incorporated into the platform. The total number of trans-provincial on-the-spot settlements has reached 1.526 million.
Smooth progress was made in the pilot program in integrating maternity insurance and basic medical insurance for urban workers. Unemployment insurance functioned more effectively in terms of ensuring basic living standards, preventing job losses, and promoting employment. Improvements were made to the policies regarding rural migrant workers’ participation in workers’ compensation schemes. The subsistence allowance system continued to improve as we achieved full coverage for urban and rural residents and ensured continuous improvements in allowance standards.
More was done to assist demobilized military personnel in finding employment, and living allowances were raised for demobilized personnel with illness, for war and nuclear-test veterans, and for other entitled groups. The social welfare services system was strengthened, and trials for integrated reforms in social assistance were pushed forward. Steady progress was made in the construction of government-subsidized housing in urban areas, and renovations began on 6.26 million units of housing in run-down urban areas, and an additional 1 million units of public-rented housing were allocated. The housing rental market developed rapidly in large and medium-sized cities. A total of 1.9 million dilapidated houses in rural areas were renovated.
三是基本公共服务标准体系加快构建。建立健全基本公共服务标准体系的指导意见出台实施，基本公共服务省级清单实现全覆盖。教育现代化推进、全民健康保障、文化旅游提升、公共体育普及、社会服务兜底五大公共服务工程大力推进。九年义务教育巩固率达94.2%，高中阶段教育毛入学率达88.8%，财政性教育经费支出占国内生产总值比例继续超过4%。“互联网+医疗健康”快速发展，公立医院综合改革继续深化，国家基本药物制度进一步完善，药品集中采购和使用试点稳妥推进，境外上市新药审评审批加快，进口抗癌药全部实现零关税，17种抗癌药大幅降价并纳入医保报销目录，疫苗药品安全问题加快解决。每千人口医疗卫生机构床位数预计达6.05张。加强文物保护利用改革的若干意见印发实施，各类遗产资源保护状态得到有效改善。大运河文化保护传承利用规划纲要编制完成。公共文化设施免费开放工作持续开展，百万公里健身步道工程实施方案出台，新增体育场地8.2万个。社会兜底保障加强，困难残疾人生活补贴制度惠及940万人，1164万重度残疾人享受护理补贴。孤儿保障制度惠及39.8万孤儿，为全国残疾孤儿实施医疗康复。持续开展孕期优生优育服务，妇女关爱服务体系不断健全。公共法律服务体系继续完善。全年出生人口1523万人，年末总人口达13.95亿人，人口自然增长率为3.81‰。
3) Development of a system of standards for basic public services progressed quickly.
The Guidelines on Establishing a Sound System of Standards for Basic Public Services were unveiled, and all provincial-level governments released basic public service lists. Strong progress was made in the five major public service categories of modernizing education, ensuring a healthy population, elevating culture and tourism, promoting fitness among the public, and providing social services for groups that are most in need.
The retention rate of nine-year compulsory education hit 94.2%, and the gross enrollment ratio for senior secondary education reached 88.8%. Government spending on education as a percentage of GDP remained above 4%.
We made rapid progress in developing the Internet Plus Medical and Healthcare model, and stepped up the comprehensive public hospital reform. The national system of essential medicines was improved. Trials for centralizing the procurement and use of medicines made steady progress, and the time it takes to assess and approve new drugs coming into the Chinese market was cut. A zero-tariff policy was applied to all imported cancer treatment drugs, while 17 types of cancer treatment drugs were made available at much lower prices and their costs can now be reimbursed through medical insurance. More measures were quickly taken to address problems pertaining to the safety of vaccines and medicines. The number of beds in medical and healthcare institutions is predicted to have reached 6.05 per 1,000 people.
The Guidelines on the Reform to Better Protect Cultural Relics and Put Them to Better Use were published, and the protection for cultural heritage of all types markedly improved. The Plan for Protecting, Passing On, and Utilizing Grand Canal Culture was drawn up. We continued working to offer free access to more public cultural facilities, unveiled an implementation plan for the initiative to build one million kilometers of fitness walkways, and opened 82,000 new sports venues.
We strengthened social security programs to meet basic needs. A total of 9.4 million people with disabilities facing financial difficulties received living allowances, and 11.64 million people with serious disabilities received nursing care subsidies. Around 398,000 children benefited from the subsistence allowance system for orphans, and medical rehabilitation services were provided to orphaned children with disabilities around the country. Better pre- and post-natal care services were ensured, and the support and care system for women was improved. The public legal service system also continued to improve. A total of 15.23 million babies were born in 2018, bringing the total population at year end to 1.395 billion. The natural population growth rate was 3.81‰.
