双语:关于2018年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况与2019年国民经济和社会发展计划草案的报告

摘要Full Text: Report on China’s National Economic, Social Development Plan

总的来看,2018年经济社会发展主要目标任务较好完成,三大攻坚战开局良好,供给侧结构性改革深入推进,改革开放力度加大,人民生活持续改善,保持了经济平稳健康发展和社会大局稳定,朝着实现全面建成小康社会的目标迈出了新的步伐。在极为错综复杂的国内外形势下,我国经济社会发展取得这样的成绩来之不易,需要倍加珍惜。这是以习近平同志为核心的党中央举旗定向、谋篇布局、坚强领导的结果,是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想全面引领、科学指导、成功实践的结果,是全党全国各族人民团结一心、砥砺前行、真抓实干的结果。

 文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6797.html

Overall, the main targets and tasks in economic and social development for 2018 were well accomplished. We got off to a good start in the critical battles against potential risk, poverty, and pollution, continued driving forward supply-side structural reform, and elevated the intensity of reform and opening-up. Living standards continued rising; economic development was kept on a stable, sound track; overall social stability was maintained, and we took fresh strides toward completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6797.html

 文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6797.html

Given the extreme complexity of the domestic and international contexts, these achievements were not easily attained, and it is important to fully recognize their value. They are the result of the guiding principles and strategies, well-crafted plans and arrangements, and strong leadership provided by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core; the result of the overall vision, sound guidance, and successful practices offered by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era; and the result of the strong unity, firmness of purpose, and pragmatic and persistent efforts of the Party and the Chinese people of all ethnic groups.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6797.html

 文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6797.html

从2018年经济社会发展情况看,经济增长、就业、价格总水平、国际收支平衡等主要指标保持在合理区间,创新驱动、资源节约、生态保护、社会保障等反映高质量发展的指标进一步改善,19个约束性指标中,18个指标完成全年目标,万元国内生产总值用水量下降指标完成情况与全年目标存在差距。该指标2018年计划目标为下降5.2%,初步统计数为下降5.1%,低于计划目标0.1个百分点。主要原因是,2018年全国降水量下降使得地表水资源总量减少约800亿立方米,部分地区受干旱影响,农业从河流抽取的灌溉用水量增加;南水北调工程向华北地区进行生态补水,全国生态用水量较2017年有较大增加,综合因素使得万元国内生产总值用水量降幅低于全年目标0.1个百分点。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6797.html

 文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6797.html

From an economic and social development standpoint, the major indicators, such as economic growth, employment, the CPI, and the balance of payments, all remained within an appropriate range in 2018, while there were further improvements for indicators that reflect the quality of development, such as innovation capacity, resource conservation, environmental protection, and social security.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6797.html

 文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6797.html

Of the 19 indicators with obligatory annual targets, 18 met their targets, while there was a discrepancy between the projected target for water consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP and the actual performance. The target for 2018 was a 5.2% decrease; however, according to preliminary statistics, the actual decrease was 5.1%, 0.1 percentage point lower than the targeted figure. The main reasons for this are as follows: Due to a drop in annual precipitation in 2018, China’s total surface water resources decreased by 80 billion cubic meters, and more water was drawn from rivers used for agricultural irrigation in some drought-affected regions. As water ecosystems in northern China were replenished with water from the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, China’s water consumption for ecological purposes increased significantly compared with 2017. All these factors resulted in the above 0.1-percentage-point discrepancy.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6797.html

 

46个预期性指标中,44个指标运行情况符合或好于年度预期目标,但社会融资规模存量增长率和城镇居民人均可支配收入指标实际运行值与预期值存在一定差距。关于社会融资规模存量增长率,该指标2018年预期目标为“与2017年实际增速基本持平”,2017年末社会融资规模存量增长13.4%,2018年末实际增长9.8%,与预期目标存在一定差距。为了给供给侧结构性改革营造适宜的货币金融环境,在对实体经济提供稳定融资支持的同时,主动采取了规范地方政府隐性债务以及合理控制投向房地产、环评不达标企业、产能过剩等领域的资金和抑制资金脱实向虚、减少资金空转等措施,社会融资规模存量增长率虽低于预期目标,但与名义GDP增长基本匹配。关于城镇居民人均可支配收入增速,该指标2018年预期目标为“与经济增长基本同步”,2018年GDP增长6.6%,城镇居民人均可支配收入实际增长5.6%,与预期目标存在一定差距。主要是受经济下行压力加大、实体经济特别是小微企业困难增多、部分行业企业利润有所下滑等影响,工资性收入等增长放缓,使得全国城镇居民人均可支配收入增速低于预期目标。

 

Out of the 46 indicators with anticipatory targets, 44 either met or surpassed targets. The actual growth of aggregate financing in the economy and per capita disposable income of urban residents fell somewhat short of the targets.

 

The growth of aggregate financing for 2018 was targeted to be roughly in line with the previous year’s actual growth rate. With growth in real terms of 13.4% at the end of 2017, the 9.8% figure at the end of 2018 was short of expectations. The reasons for this are as follows: To create a favorable monetary and financial environment for supply-side structural reform, we took measures to regulate the hidden debts of local governments and to appropriately control the flow of funds to the real estate sector, to enterprises that failed environmental impact assessments, and to industries with overcapacity. We also sought to prevent funds from being diverted out of the real economy and from circulating solely within the financial sector. At the same time, we continued ensuring stable financing support for the real economy. The growth of aggregate financing for the year fell short of the anticipatory target, but it was still basically in keeping with GDP growth in nominal terms.

 

Urban per capita disposable income in 2018 was targeted to stay largely in step with economic growth. GDP growth in 2018 was 6.6%, and urban per capita disposable income increased by 5.6% in real terms, lower than the anticipatory target. This can be attributed to the increasing downward pressure on the economy, more difficulties in the real economy, especially for small and micro enterprises, a decline in the profits of enterprises in some sectors, and slower growth of salary-based incomes.

 

同时,我们也清醒认识到,经济运行总体平稳、稳中有进,但稳中有变、变中有忧。从国际形势看,世界大变局加速深刻演变,全球动荡源和风险点增多,我国外部环境复杂严峻。世界经济虽有望延续复苏态势,但保护主义、单边主义加剧,主要发达经济体货币政策调整的外溢效应持续显现,部分新兴经济体面临的风险增多,国际大宗商品价格波动加剧,地缘政治风险累积发酵,全球经济贸易增速趋缓。从国内形势看,一是经济面临下行压力。内需增长放缓,基础设施、制造业、房地产开发等领域投资保持平稳增长的难度加大。受居民增收困难较多、汽车等传统消费放缓等因素影响,消费稳定增长面临挑战。二是农业农村基础仍然薄弱。农业科技水平仍待提升,农村基本公共服务供给和基础设施建设仍然滞后,农民增收渠道有待拓宽。三是实体经济面临困难增多。民营企业特别是小微企业融资难融资贵问题尚未有效解决,存在对民营企业惜贷压贷甚至直接抽贷断贷的现象,能源、原材料、人工、用地等成本较高,企业盈利空间受到挤压。营商环境有待进一步优化,公平竞争的市场机制尚不完善,产权和知识产权保护仍不充分,亲清新型政商关系仍不健全。四是高质量发展的短板制约仍待突破。重大原创性科技成果不多,一些关键核心技术受制于人,科技成果转化效率不高。产业结构还需进一步优化,发展新动能仍然不足。部分地区能源资源约束趋紧,生态环境问题依然突出。五是区域分化态势仍在持续。中西部一些地区结构调整难度较大,一些地区要素吸引力较弱,人才等优质要素资源外流比较严重,发展困难可能会增加。六是重点领域风险压力较大。外部环境不确定性可能通过贸易、跨境资本流动、大宗商品市场等渠道,加大我国输入性风险,国内股市、债市、汇市、互联网金融和房地产的风险隐患不容忽视。七是社会民生领域还存在不少问题挑战。部分省份就业结构性矛盾显现,居民持续增收制约因素增多,教育、医疗、养老等公共服务供给不足,人口老龄化程度不断加深。同时,我们在工作中还存在一些不足,有的政策制定的前瞻性、针对性、有效性还不够,没有充分考虑企业的适应程度问题;有的政策部门间统筹协调有待加强,有的改革举措和政策落实效果不彰,有的专项规划和项目建设需要及时启动;有的地方在政策执行过程中存在简单化、“一刀切”的问题。

 

Recognizing our achievements, we are also keenly aware that although the performance of the economy is stable and improving, this stability is punctuated by changes, some of which give cause for concern.

 

From an international standpoint, we are facing major changes that are deepening and evolving at a faster pace, and the sources of disruption and risk are increasing. These factors make for a complicated and grave external environment for China. Continued recovery of the global economy can be expected. But protectionism and unilateralism are intensifying, the spillover effects of monetary policy adjustments by major developed economies are becoming more evident, and some emerging economies are facing greater risks. The prices of major commodities are fluctuating sharply, geopolitical risks are building, and world economic and trade growth are slackening.

 

Domestically, there are also unfavorable factors. First, China’s economy still faces downward pressure. Slowing domestic demand growth is making it harder to sustain steady investment growth in the three major areas of infrastructure, manufacturing, and real estate development. We also face challenges in ensuring steady growth in consumer spending due to the many difficulties in increasing personal income, and softer growth in traditional forms of consumption like purchases of automobiles.

 

Second, the foundation of agriculture and rural infrastructure remain weak. The level of agricultural technologies needs to be improved, basic public services and infrastructure construction lag behind in rural areas, and broader channels need to be developed for rural residents to increase their incomes.

 

Third, the real economy faces mounting difficulties. Private companies are still finding it both tough and expensive to access financing, particularly small and micro companies. There is also some reluctance to lend to private companies and there are cases of loans being withheld, withdrawn, or cancelled. Enterprise profits are being squeezed by the rising costs of energy, raw materials, labor, and land use. The business environment requires further improvement. Flaws still exist in the market mechanisms for ensuring fair competition, more protection is needed for property and intellectual property rights, and there is still work to be done in building a new type of cordial and clean relationship between government and business.

 

Fourth, points of weakness affecting high-quality development need to be addressed. We produce a low number of major original scientific and technological outputs, rely too much on others for key and core technologies in certain fields, and perform poorly in putting scientific and technological achievements into practical application. Our industrial structure needs further improvement, and stronger growth drivers need to be fostered. In certain localities, energy and resource constraints are tightening and ecological and environmental problems are still grave.

 

Fifth, regional disparities continue to grow. Some localities in the central and western regions face grave difficulties in making structural adjustments, while other areas do not hold enough appeal to keep factors of production, leading to a serious outflow of talent and other high-quality factors. These issues have the potential to exacerbate the development problems of these areas.

 

Sixth, potential risks in key areas are grave. External uncertainties have the potential to intensify the inflow of risks into China through trade, cross-border capital flows, and commodity markets. Meanwhile, risks at home in the stock, bond, and foreign exchange markets, in internet finance, and in real estate cannot be overlooked.

 

Seventh, there are many problems and challenges affecting the people’s wellbeing. Structural employment problems have emerged in some provinces, and the factors hindering personal income growth are increasing. There is insufficient supply in education, healthcare, elderly, and other public services, and the problem of population aging is becoming more serious.

 

Shortcomings can also be identified in our own work. Some of our policies are not as forward-looking, targeted, or effective as they need to be, and they fail to fully take into account the adjustments they impose on enterprises. Coordination between some government departments needs to be strengthened to ensure effective implementation of reform measures and policies and to see that special plans and projects are launched promptly. And some localities tend to implement policies in an oversimplified or one-size-fits-all fashion.

 

对上述问题,我们将高度重视,既要增强忧患意识、坚持底线思维,抓住主要矛盾,有针对性地加以解决,有效防范各类风险连锁联动、叠加传导;又要紧扣社会主要矛盾的变化,全面用好我国发展的重要战略机遇期,保持战略定力、坚定必胜信心,化挑战为机遇、变压力为动力,加快推动经济高质量发展。

 

These are issues that we must take very seriously. In responding to them, we will raise our awareness of potential dangers, remain mindful of worst-case scenarios, focus on prominent problems, and take targeted measures that deliver solutions and effectively prevent risks from coalescing into chain reactions and causing ripple effects. We will respond to the change in the principal contradiction in Chinese society and take full advantage of the important period of strategic opportunity for China’s development. We will maintain strategic focus, firm up our confidence of success, and turn challenges into opportunities and pressure into motivation, in order to spur high-quality economic development.

 

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 最后更新:2019-3-18
  • 版权声明 本文源自 新华网sisu04 整理 发表于 2019年3月17日 02:32:53