六、探索出反恐、去极端化的有益经验
VI. Finding Experience for Counterterrorism and De-radicalization文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6802.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6802.html
新疆的反恐怖主义、去极端化斗争，在吸收借鉴国际社会经验的同时，坚持从中国和中国新疆的实际出发，把保障各族人民根本利益放在首位，从彻底解决各种深层次矛盾入手，积极探索依法打击防范恐怖主义和去极端化的有效路径，最大限度地保障各族人民免受恐怖主义和极端主义的侵害，形成了一套经验和有效办法。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6802.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6802.html
Counterterrorism and de-radicalization effort in Xinjiang is based on the reality in Xinjiang and the rest of the country, while drawing on the experience of other countries. The government prioritizes safeguarding the fundamental interests of all ethnic groups. Starting by addressing deep-seated problems, China has worked to explore effective and law-based approaches to counterterrorism and de-radicalization to protect people of all ethnic groups from the scourge of terrorism and extremism, and identified successful experiences and effective measures.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6802.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6802.html
——坚持依法打击恐怖主义与保障人权相结合。保安全才能保人权，不反恐就不能保人权。依法打击恐怖活动，保障各族人民生命财产安全，是对人权的最根本保护。曾经一段时间，新疆恐怖活动多发频发，严重破坏了安定祥和的秩序、团结进步的氛围，肆意践踏了新疆各族群众的生命权、健康权、发展权等基本人权。面对恐怖主义暴行，新疆果断采取依法严密防范和严厉打击措施，始终保持对恐怖势力的威慑态势，最大限度地保障广大人民群众的基本人权免受恐怖主义和极端主义的侵害。目前，新疆已连续2年多未发生暴力恐怖案件，包括危安案件、公共安全事件在内的刑事案件、治安案件大幅下降，极端主义渗透得到有效遏制，社会治安状况明显好转，人民生活安宁祥和。2018年，新疆旅游业呈现“井喷式”增长，共接待境内外游客超过1.5亿人次、同比增长40%，其中外国游客240.32万人次、同比增长10.78%，旅游总消费2522亿元、同比增长41.6%。与此同时，新疆还十分注意在反恐中保障人权，避免因反恐而出现侵犯人权的行为。为此，一方面，新疆不断加强反恐立法工作，保障反恐在法治轨道上进行，依法打击恐怖主义行为；另一方面，坚决防止因反恐而发生限制新疆各民族人民群众基本权利的现象，保障人民依法享有广泛权利和自由，保障正常社会生活。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6802.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6802.html
– Combating terrorism in accordance with the law and protecting human rights. Safety is a prerequisite for human rights protection, and human rights cannot be guaranteed if we fail to strike at terrorism. Fighting terrorist activities and protecting lives and property are fundamental to protecting human rights.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6802.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6802.html
Terrorist activities were once frequent in Xinjiang, destroying local peace, order, unity, and progress, and showing callous disdain for the people’s right to life, health, development and other basic human rights. In the face of terrorist atrocities, the local government has launched preventive and punitive countermeasures in accordance with the law and perseveres with deterrence against terrorist forces, maximizing its efforts to protect basic human rights from terrorism and extremism. No violent or terrorist activities have occurred in Xinjiang for more than two years; the number of criminal cases and public security cases has fallen significantly; the infiltration of extremism has been curbed, and peace and harmony has returned to society. In 2018, tourism in Xinjiang grew rapidly: Tourists from inside and outside China numbered over 150 million, a year-on-year increase of 40 percent; foreign tourists totaled 2.4032 million, a year-on-year increase of 10.78 percent; tourist spending totaled RMB252.2 billion, a year-on-year growth of 41.6 percent.
At the same time, Xinjiang has paid special attention to human rights protection in its counterterrorism effort, preventing any violation of human rights caused by counterterrorist measures. To this end, the local government has enhanced legislation on counterterrorism, so as to keep its counterterrorism activities within the law and punish acts of terrorism in accordance with the law. It has made every effort to ensure that its counterterrorist measures do not infringe the basic rights, interests and freedoms of local ethnic groups as endowed by the law, and that normal social order is maintained.
——坚持反恐不与特定地域、民族、宗教挂钩。《中华人民共和国反恐怖主义法》规定：在反恐怖主义工作中，应当尊重公民的宗教信仰自由和民族风俗习惯，禁止任何基于地域、民族、宗教等理由的歧视性做法。新疆是多民族聚居和多宗教并存的地区。一方面，在反恐怖主义和去极端化斗争中，新疆禁止任何组织或个人利用宗教进行分裂国家、传播宗教极端思想、煽动民族仇恨、破坏民族团结、扰乱社会秩序、损害公民身心健康的活动；禁止利用宗教妨碍国家行政、司法、教育、文化等制度的实施；禁止利用宗教进行其他危害国家安全和利益、社会公共利益和公民合法权益的活动，防范和制止不法分子利用宗教和宗教活动制造混乱、违法犯罪。另一方面，新疆严格遵守国家宪法、法律和行政法规有关宗教信仰自由的政策和规定。在反恐怖主义和去极端化斗争中，新疆各族人民的宗教信仰自由得到了充分保障。信仰宗教和不信仰宗教完全由公民自主选择，任何组织和个人不得强制公民信仰宗教或不信仰宗教，不得歧视信仰宗教的公民或不信仰宗教的公民。新疆坚持服务和管理并重的理念，不断加强宗教教职人员培养培训，不断拓宽获得宗教知识的途径，不断改善宗教活动场所的条件，信教群众的宗教感情、信仰需求得到了充分尊重。
– Counterterrorism does not target any specific region, ethnic group or religion. It is stipulated in the Counterterrorism Law of the People’s Republic of China that “In counterterrorism work, citizens’ freedom in religious belief and ethnic customs shall be respected, and any discrimination based on regions, ethnic groups, religions and other grounds shall be prohibited.”
Xinjiang is inhabited by multiple ethnic groups composed of believers in multiple religions. In the course of counterterrorism and de-radicalization, the local government forbids any organization or individual from using religion to split the country, spread religious extremism, incite ethnic hatred, undermine ethnic unity, disturb social order, harm citizens’ physical or mental health, hinder the implementation of the country’s administrative, judicial, educational and cultural systems, or harm national security, national interests, public interests and civil rights and interests. It prevents ill-intentioned people from using religion or religious activities to create disorder or commit crimes.
The local government also abides by the policies and stipulations in the Constitution, other state laws and administrative regulations concerning freedom of religious belief. In the course of counterterrorism and de-radicalization, the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang have their freedom of religious belief fully protected. Citizens are entitled to choose to be religious believers or non-believers, and no organization or individual may force citizens to believe in a religion or not, nor discriminate against believers or non-believers.
Xinjiang attaches equal importance to services and management in addressing religious affairs. The local government has worked to enhance the training of religious staff, expand channels for them to acquire religious knowledge, and improve the conditions of venues for religious activities, so that the religious sentiments, beliefs and needs of believers are fully respected.
——坚持宽严相济与预防教育挽救相结合。新疆始终坚持宽严相济刑事政策和教育挽救的措施方法，对少数十恶不赦、顽固不化的暴恐团伙头目、骨干分子，严惩不贷、依法处理，最大限度保障公民的基本人权免遭恐怖主义和极端主义侵害；对多数罪行较轻和受宗教极端思想影响的人员，以教育、挽救、保护为主，通过开展职业技能教育培训，帮助学员学习国家通用语言文字，学习法律，学习劳动技能，用拉的方式而不是推的方式，用挽救的方式而不是严惩的方式，用关爱的方式而不是嫌弃的方式进行帮教转化。通过学习教育，让他们提升明辨是非、抵御渗透和自我转化的能力，最大限度摆脱恐怖主义影响、摆脱极端思想束缚、摆脱陈规陋习禁锢，努力提升就业技能、开拓就业门路、激发生活信心，充分体现了政府人道主义立场。
– Balancing compassion and severity and taking measures for prevention, education and rehabilitation. Xinjiang follows the criminal justice policy of balancing compassion and severity, and taking the approach of reforming the offenders through education. A few leaders and core members of violent and terrorist gangs who have committed heinous crimes or are inveterate offenders will be severely punished in accordance with the law so as to protect citizens’ basic human rights from the scourge of terrorism and extremism. Offenders who have committed minor crimes under the influence of religious extremism will be educated, rehabilitated and protected through vocational training, through the learning of standard Chinese language and labor skills, and acquiring knowledge of the law; these people are large in number. The approach to the second group of people is rehabilitation rather than punishment, care instead of rejection. Through such education, they will improve their ability to distinguish right from wrong, to resist infiltration, and to correct themselves. They will rid themselves of terrorist influence, the extremist mindset, and outmoded cultural practices. They will increase their employability, expand their employment channels, and become more confident in life. This approach clearly demonstrates the humanitarian stance of the Chinese government.
——坚持维护稳定与改善民生相结合。人民幸福生活是最大的人权。做好保障和改善民生工作，事关群众福祉和社会和谐稳定。在新疆一些地区，由于过去一段时期受恐怖主义危害较大，受宗教极端主义渗透干扰严重，部分群众使用国家通用语言文字能力较弱、法治意识淡薄、职业技能不强，导致就业困难，容易受到恐怖势力和极端势力的教唆和胁迫走上犯罪道路。社会稳定和人民生活的持续改善，有力促进了人的全面发展，新疆各族群众精神面貌焕然一新，积极追求现代文明生活、自觉抵制宗教极端思想的社会氛围日渐浓厚，各民族之间更加团结和谐，反恐维稳和去极端化工作的社会基础更加牢固，各族群众对未来美好生活充满希望。
– Maintaining stability and improving the standards of living. Happiness is the most important human right. Safeguarding and improving people’s lives contributes to public wellbeing and social harmony and stability.
Some areas in Xinjiang were severely disturbed by terrorism and the infiltration of religious extremism. For this reason, some people cannot speak, read or write in standard Chinese, have a weak understanding of rule of law, and have difficulty finding employment through a lack of employable skills. As a result, such people are more inclined to be incited or coerced into criminality by terrorist and extremist forces.
Social stability and better lives promote all-round human development. The people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang are leading a new life. They pursue a cultured way of life, and consciously resist religious extremism. More than ever before, ethnic groups in Xinjiang are united and live in harmony, and popular support for counterterrorism, maintenance of stability and de-radicalization is increasing. The people of Xinjiang are full of hope for a better future.
