一、开展教育培训工作势在必行
I. Urgent Needs for Education and Training文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7419.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7419.html
恐怖主义、极端主义在新疆由来已久。20世纪初至40年代末，民族分裂势力、宗教极端势力借助“泛突厥主义”“泛伊斯兰主义”思潮，试图在新疆建立“政教合一”的“东突厥斯坦”国。形形色色的“东突”势力为了达到分裂中国的目的，鼓吹宗教极端主义，实施了一系列暴力恐怖活动。在此后相当长的一段时间里，宗教极端主义对新疆的渗透从未停止，暴力恐怖活动时有发生。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7419.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7419.html
Terrorism and extremism have a long history in Xinjiang. From the early 20th century to the late 1940s, separatist and religious extremist forces, spreading “Pan-Turkism” and “Pan-Islamism”, attempted to create a theocratic state they called “East Turkistan” in Xinjiang. In an attempt to split China, such forces advocated religious extremism and carried out a series of terrorist activities. For years religious extremism continued to make inroads into Xinjiang, resulting in incidents of terrorism.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7419.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7419.html
20世纪90年代以来，恐怖主义、极端主义在全球蔓延加剧，给人类社会造成重大灾难。美国、英国、法国、德国、西班牙、比利时、俄罗斯、土耳其、埃及、印度、印度尼西亚、新西兰、斯里兰卡等世界上许多国家和地区都发生了受极端主义影响的暴力恐怖袭击案（事）件，造成大量人员伤亡和重大财产损失，严重威胁世界和平，给人类社会发展投下阴影。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7419.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7419.html
Since the 1990s, the global spread and aggravation of terrorism and extremism has wrought havoc. Influenced by extremism, terrorist attacks and related incidents have caused heavy casualties and property damage in the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Spain, Belgium, Russia, Turkey, Egypt, India, Indonesia, New Zealand, Sri Lanka, and other countries and regions. World peace is under serious threat, and the future of humanity is overshadowed.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7419.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7419.html
据不完全统计，自1990年至2016年年底，民族分裂势力、宗教极端势力、暴力恐怖势力在中国新疆地区策划实施了数千起爆炸、暗杀、投毒、纵火、袭击、骚乱、暴乱等系列暴力恐怖案（事）件，造成大量无辜群众被害，数百名公安民警殉职，财产损失无法估算。
Between 1990 and the end of 2016, separatists, religious extremists and terrorists plotted and carried out several thousand acts of terrorism such as bombings, assassinations, poisoning, arson, assaults, and riots in Xinjiang. Many innocent people were killed and several hundred police officers died in the line of duty. The property losses incurred were enormous.
恐怖主义、极端主义的产生有着复杂的国际国内背景，受政治、经济、文化等各方面因素影响，与特定国家、特定地区、特定民族、特定宗教、特定社会制度无关。反恐、去极端化既是世界性课题，也是世界性难题。多年来，一些国家和地区为了有效反恐、去极端化，根据自身实际，积极探索打击和预防恐怖主义、极端主义的具体路径和办法，但由于各自的历史文化传统、经济社会发展水平、公民受教育程度及就业能力状况等存在差异，采取的办法和举措也不尽相同。
Terrorism and extremism germinate in a complex domestic and international environment. They are rooted in political, economic and cultural factors, and are not specific to particular countries, regions, ethnic groups, religions or social systems. The fight against terrorism and extremism is a global challenge. Over the years, different countries and regions have adopted different measures of preventing and combating terrorism and extremism, based on their respective historical and cultural traditions, their level of social and economic development, and the level of education and employability of their citizens.
新疆特别是位于南疆的喀什地区、和田地区、克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州、阿克苏地区等四地州，由于宗教极端主义渗透时间长，影响范围广，毒害程度深，暴力恐怖案（事）件在一段时间多发频发，且涉案人员众多，影响群体庞大，导致反恐、去极端化形势严峻。
For some time, Xinjiang, especially Kashgar Prefecture, Hotan Prefecture, Aksu Prefecture and Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture in the south, where religious extremism has had a long and widespread presence, suffered badly from frequent acts of terrorism. Large numbers of people were involved and even more were affected. The scale of the problem posed a serious challenge to China’s efforts in fighting terrorism and extremism.
宗教极端势力利用信教群众朴素的宗教感情，借助当地信教人口众多、对外交流不畅、农牧业就业承载有限、信息闭塞、现代科学知识匮乏等客观因素，散布宗教极端主义。宗教极端势力肆意歪曲宗教教义教规，将极端主义与宗教捆绑在一起，与广大信教群众捆绑在一起，与社会生活捆绑在一起，鼓动推翻世俗政权，妄图建立教法统治的国家。宗教极端势力否定一切世俗观念和现代文明成果，鼓吹所谓“圣战殉教进天堂”，残害所谓“异教徒”“叛教者”，致使当地正常宗教活动遭到严重破坏，中道正信的宗教人士受到排斥、迫害，甚至被杀害。因宗教极端主义影响，大量信教群众被套上了沉重的精神枷锁，正常生产生活受到严重干扰，社会经济发展受到严重制约。
Exploiting people’s religious beliefs, extremist forces spread religious extremism through Xinjiang’s large religious population, among people who have limited means of communication outside their own communities, limited employment opportunities in farming and animal husbandry, limited sources of information, and limited knowledge of modern science. Deliberately distorting religious doctrines and canons, religious extremists have bound extremism to religion, to religious believers, and to society as a whole, and incited people to overthrow secular governments and establish theocratic states. They deny the concepts and achievements of modern secular civilization, inciting followers to “engage in a holy war and die for their beliefs in order to enter heaven”, and injuring and killing those they describe as “pagans” and “renegades”. Normal religious activities in Xinjiang have been seriously disrupted, and upstanding religious individuals have been ostracized, persecuted, or killed. For many religious believers, the mental shackles imposed by religious extremism have become unbearable, disturbing their normal life and work. Social and economic development in the region has also suffered as a result.
为了强化对信教群众的精神控制，宗教极端势力持续煽动信教群众抵制学习国家通用语言文字，排斥现代科学知识；歪曲炮制所谓“教法、家法”，将其作为行为准则，对抗国家宪法法律；鼓吹“来世天定”，蛊惑信教群众拒绝学习掌握就业技能、改善经济条件、提升自我发展能力。大量群众不具备掌握国家通用语言文字能力，不具备基本法律知识。
To strengthen their psychological control over religious believers, extremist forces have incited people to boycott the standard spoken and written Chinese language and reject modern science. They act in accordance with fabricated “religious law” and “domestic discipline”, and defy the Constitution and state laws. They spread word about a “next life where one’s fate is predestined”, and deceive religious believers into rejecting the kind of vocational skills training by which they can improve their economic conditions and their capacity for self-development. A large part of the population could not read and write in the standard spoken and written Chinese language, and they had no basic knowledge of the law.
在宗教极端主义的渗透和控制下，许多人参与或者被教唆、胁迫、引诱参与恐怖活动、极端主义活动，但尚属情节轻微，或未造成实际危害后果；一些人虽因恐怖活动犯罪、极端主义犯罪被定罪处刑，但并未完全脱离宗教极端主义束缚。由于上述人员受宗教极端主义毒害深，丧失了对正常生活和法律界限的理性辨识能力，如果不对他们采取积极干预措施，就不能解除宗教极端主义对他们的桎梏，就无法使他们融入正常的社会生活，就不可能使他们实现个人的更好发展。
Influenced and controlled by religious extremism, many people have engaged in – or have been instigated, coerced or enticed to engage in – terrorist and extremist activities, but they have not committed serious crimes or inflicted actual harm. It is hard for some people who have been convicted of terrorist or extremist crimes to abandon extremist views, as their minds have been poisoned to the extent of losing reason and the ability to think sensibly about their lives and the law. Without necessary intervention measures it will not be possible for them to cast off the shackles of religious extremism, get back to normal life, and improve their prospects for a better future.
面对严峻形势和复杂情况，新疆的反恐、去极端化坚持标本兼治方针，既依法严厉打击少数严重暴力恐怖犯罪，又最大限度地教育挽救感染宗教极端主义、有轻微违法犯罪的人员。依法设立教培中心，对学员进行系统的教育培训，是遏制暴力恐怖案（事）件多发频发、铲除宗教极端主义滋生蔓延土壤的迫切需要，也是有效提升学员文化知识水平、掌握劳动技能、促进就业和增加收入的迫切需要，更是实现新疆社会稳定和长治久安的迫切需要。
Faced with this severe and complex problem, Xinjiang has upheld the principle of addressing both the symptoms and root causes in its fight against terrorism and extremism, by striking hard at serious terrorist crimes, which are limited in number, and by educating and rehabilitating people influenced by religious extremism and involved in minor violations of the law. In accordance with the law, it has established a group of vocational centers to offer systematic education and training in response to a set of urgent needs: to curb frequent terrorist incidents, to eradicate the breeding ground for religious extremism, to help trainees acquire a better education and vocational skills, find employment, and increase their incomes, and most of all, to safeguard social stability and long-term peace in Xinjiang.
