二、依法开展教育培训工作
II. Law-Based Education and Training文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7419.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7419.html
新疆开展教培工作的做法既符合国家法治精神和要求，又体现了国际社会反恐、去极端化的原则和理念。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7419.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7419.html
Education and training in Xinjiang is practiced in line with the spirit and requirements of the rule of law in China. It also reflects the ideas and principles of counter-terrorism and deradicalization as practiced by the international community.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7419.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7419.html
新疆根据《中华人民共和国国家安全法》《中华人民共和国刑法》《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》《中华人民共和国反恐怖主义法》和《宗教事务条例》等法律法规，依照法定程序，制定并修改完善了《新疆维吾尔自治区实施〈中华人民共和国反恐怖主义法〉办法》《新疆维吾尔自治区去极端化条例》两部地方性法规。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7419.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7419.html
In recent years, in line with the National Security Law of the People’s Republic of China, Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China, Criminal Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China, Counterterrorism Law of the People’s Republic of China, and Regulations on Religious Affairs, Xinjiang has enacted and revised, in accordance with legal procedures, two local regulations – the Measures of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on Implementing the Counter-terrorism Law of the People’s Republic of China, and the Regulations of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on Deradicalization.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7419.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7419.html
中国法律区分了违法行为和犯罪行为，并规定了不同的执法司法主体和处理程序。其中，视具体违法或犯罪情节不同，有的由包括公安机关在内的行政机关依法予以行政处罚；有的由公安机关侦查终结，移送检察机关审查后，由检察机关依法作出不起诉决定；有的在检察机关提起公诉后，由审判机关依法审理定罪处刑。
Chinese law distinguishes between unlawful and criminal acts, and prescribes different law enforcement and judicial bodies and different processes for handling the two kinds of acts. Depending on the specific circumstances, some offenders or criminals are subjected to punishment by administrative organs, including public security organs, in accordance with the law. Some, after their cases have been investigated by public security organs and transferred, are examined by procuratorial organs and there is a decision not to prosecute. Some are tried, convicted and sentenced by judicial organs in accordance with the law after procuratorial organs have initiated public prosecution.
具体在恐怖主义、极端主义违法犯罪案件中，依照法律规定，视具体情节及当事人表现，除由检察机关提起公诉，由审判机关定罪处刑的外，有的案件是由公安机关等行政机关依法作出处理，有的案件是由检察机关依法作出不起诉决定。这些不同的处理方式和程序，恰恰体现了国家宽严相济的刑事政策和教育挽救的方针。为了贯彻标本兼治的原则，中国法律和地方性法规对参与恐怖活动、极端主义活动的人员，还规定了帮教、安置教育等措施。
Specifically, in cases of unlawful and criminal acts of terrorism and extremism, not all offenders or criminals should be prosecuted by procuratorial organs and convicted and sentenced by judicial organs. Depending on the circumstances of the offence and the willingness of the parties to acknowledge their guilt, some cases can be handled by public security and other administrative organs, and in others the procuratorial organs can decide not to pursue the case. These different approaches and procedures reflect the principle of balancing compassion and severity in the national criminal law, and the idea of reforming offenders through education and rehabilitation. In order to implement the principle of addressing both the symptoms and root causes, state laws and local regulations have stipulated measures intended to help people involved in terrorist and extremist activities to find employment and reintegrate into society through education.
新疆依据《中华人民共和国反恐怖主义法》《新疆维吾尔自治区实施〈中华人民共和国反恐怖主义法〉办法》《新疆维吾尔自治区去极端化条例》等法律法规，设立了教培中心，开展帮教等工作。目前进入教培中心的学员有三类：一是被教唆、胁迫、引诱参与恐怖活动、极端主义活动，或者参与恐怖活动、极端主义活动情节轻微，尚不构成犯罪的人员。二是被教唆、胁迫、引诱参与恐怖活动、极端主义活动，或者参与恐怖活动、极端主义活动，有现实危险性，尚未造成实际危害后果，主观恶性不深，能够认罪悔罪，依法不需要判处刑罚或者免除刑罚，自愿接受培训的人员。三是因恐怖活动犯罪、极端主义犯罪被定罪处刑，刑满释放前经评估仍有社会危险性，人民法院依法决定在刑满释放后进行安置教育的人员。对第一、第三类人员，根据《中华人民共和国反恐怖主义法》第二十九条、第三十条的规定，依法进行帮教或安置教育。对第二类人员，则本着宽严相济的刑事政策，打击少数、挽救多数，对认罪悔罪、自愿接受培训的人员，在依法作出不起诉决定后对其进行帮教。
In accordance with the Counter-terrorism Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Measures of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on Implementing the Counter-terrorism Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Regulations of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on Deradicalization, and other laws and regulations, vocational education and training centers have been established in Xinjiang. At present, the trainees at the centers fall into three categories:
1. People who were incited, coerced or induced into participating in terrorist or extremist activities, or people who participated in terrorist or extremist activities in circumstances that were not serious enough to constitute a crime;
2. People who were incited, coerced or induced into participating in terrorist or extremist activities, or people who participated in terrorist or extremist activities that posed a real danger but did not cause actual harm, whose subjective culpability was not deep, who acknowledged their offences and were contrite about their past actions and thus do not need to be sentenced to or can be exempted from punishment, and who have demonstrated the willingness to receive training;
3. People who were convicted and received prison sentence for terrorist or extremist crimes and after serving their sentences, have been assessed as still posing a potential threat to society, and who have been ordered by people’s courts in accordance with the law to receive education at the centers. In accordance with Articles 29 and 30 of the Counter-terrorism Law, people in the first and third categories will be given assistance and education or receive job-related education at the centers. With regard to people in the second category, a small number of them should be punished severely, while the majority should be rehabilitated in accordance with the policy of balancing compassion and severity. Confession, repentance, and willingness to receive training are preconditions for leniency, and these people will receive education to help reform their ways after they have been exempted from prosecution in accordance with the law.
新疆开展教培工作的具体法律程序是，由有关机关依照《中华人民共和国刑法》《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》《中华人民共和国反恐怖主义法》等相关法律法规规定，对相关行为性质和情节进行认定，对相关人员作出处理。其中，对第一类人员，由公安机关依法作出处理，由教培中心进行帮教；对第二类人员，由公安机关依法侦查，检察机关经审查作出不起诉决定后，由教培中心进行帮教；第三类人员在刑满释放前经评估具有社会危险性的，依据人民法院决定在刑满释放后进行安置教育。
The specific procedures for carrying out education and training in Xinjiang require that relevant authorities determine the nature and circumstances of the acts and deal with the above three categories in accordance with the laws and regulations, such as the Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure Law, and Counter-terrorism Law. The first category should first be handled by public security organs, and then given assistance and education by vocational education and training centers. The second category should first be investigated by public security organs, and if the procuratorial organs, after reviewing the cases, have made the decision not to institute legal proceedings, they should then be given assistance and education by education and training centers. The third category, after being assessed before their release from prison and found to pose an ongoing risk to society, shall be placed at such centers to receive education to help them reintegrate into society in accordance with the decision of people’s courts.
对上述人员，通过“集中培训、寄宿学习、实践培养”等多种形式开展免费职业技能教育培训，并在学员考核达标后颁发结业证书。学员结业后，可以自主择业，也可以由有关部门协助安排就业。
The vocational education and training centers shall provide the people mentioned above with residential vocational training free of charge, and issue certificates of completion when the trainees reach the expected criteria. After graduation, the trainees can choose their own jobs, or employment can be arranged for them with the assistance of relevant authorities.
新疆教培工作也符合国际社会有关公约、倡议中明确的基本原则。作为国际社会负责任的一员，中国积极支持联合国在国际反恐合作中发挥主导和协调作用，坚持遵循《联合国宪章》和其他国际法原则准则，支持联合国安理会通过的一系列反恐决议，大力推动《联合国全球反恐战略》（60/288）全面实施。目前，中国已加入《制止恐怖主义爆炸的国际公约》《制止向恐怖主义提供资助的国际公约》《制止核恐怖主义行为国际公约》《反对劫持人质国际公约》等国际反恐公约。此外，在上海合作组织框架下，中国与有关国家缔结了《打击恐怖主义、分裂主义和极端主义上海公约》《上海合作组织成员国合作打击恐怖主义、分裂主义和极端主义构想》《上海合作组织反恐怖主义公约》《上海合作组织反极端主义公约》《上海合作组织成员国合作打击恐怖主义、分裂主义和极端主义2019－2021年合作纲要》《上海合作组织成员国和阿富汗伊斯兰共和国关于打击恐怖主义、毒品走私和有组织犯罪行动计划》等文件。
The education and training efforts in Xinjiang are also in line with the basic principles clearly defined in the relevant international conventions and initiatives. As a responsible member of the international community, China supports the United Nations in playing a leading and coordinating role in international cooperation against terrorism. China upholds the UN Charter and other principles and norms of international law. It has supported a series of resolutions on combating terrorism adopted by the UN Security Council, and contributed to the full implementation of the UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy. China has joined a number of international counter-terrorism conventions, including the International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings, International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism, International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism, and International Convention Against the Taking of Hostages. Under the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), China and the other countries involved have signed the following documents: the Shanghai Convention on Combating Terrorism, Separatism and Extremism, Cooperation Between SCO Member States on Combating Terrorism, Separatism and Extremism, SCO Convention on Combating Terrorism, SCO Convention on Combating Extremism, SCO Cooperation Programme on Fighting Terrorism, Separatism and Extremism for 2019-2021, and SCO Plan of Action for Cooperation with the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan on Fighting Terrorism, Drug Trafficking and Organized Crimes.
联合国《防止暴力极端主义行动计划》（70/674）报告指出，贫困、失业、缺乏就业机会和教育程度低，以及暴力极端主义团体随意歪曲和利用宗教信仰、族裔差异和政治思想体系等方面是形成暴力极端主义的背景和成因。行动计划建议，防止暴力极端主义必须扩大应对措施，更早介入，消除促成暴力极端主义的因素，用预防措施配合打击暴力极端主义。行动计划提出，将国家发展政策与可持续发展目标保持一致，消除一切形式的贫困，确保优质教育，让全民享有终身学习机会；为暴力极端主义团体的人提供教育机会和经济机遇，鼓励其脱离暴力极端主义团体；向青年提供继续学习机会、职业培训资源、创业才能培养。新疆开展教培工作正是中国落实国际社会反恐、去极端化倡议及其理念的具体表现。
The United Nations Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism notes that poverty, unemployment, the absence of alternative employment opportunities, and low levels of education, are the background causes of violent extremism, along with the distortion and exploitation by violent extremist groups of religious beliefs, ethnic differences and political ideologies. The Plan of Action says that to counter violent extremism, we have to broaden our responses, engage earlier, and address the drivers of violent extremism. We need to complement actions to counter violent extremism with preventive measures. The Plan of Action proposes to align national development policies with the Sustainable Development Goals, end poverty in all its forms, ensure quality education, and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all; to encourage individuals to leave violent extremist groups by developing programs that place an emphasis on providing them with educational and economic opportunities; and to support young people in gaining access to continued learning and vocational resources, and in incubating their entrepreneurial talent. The education and training efforts of Xinjiang manifest China’s implementation of international counter-terrorism and deradicalization initiatives and measures.
