三、坚决打好污染防治攻坚战
III. Waging a determined battle to prevent and control pollution文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7817.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7817.html
在党的十九大报告中，我强调要突出抓重点、补短板、强弱项，特别是要坚决打好防范化解重大风险、精准脱贫、污染防治的攻坚战，使全面建成小康社会得到人民认可、经得起历史检验。现在，我们就要集中优势兵力，采取更有效的政策举措，打好这场攻坚战。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7817.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7817.html
In the report to the 19th National Congress of the CPC in 2017, I said that we must focus on priorities, address inadequacies, and shore up points of weakness, and stressed that we must take tough steps to forestall and defuse major risks, carry out targeted poverty alleviation, and prevent and control pollution, so that the moderately prosperous society we build earns the people’s approval and stands the test of time. Now is the time for us to focus our strength and adopt more effective measures and policies to make sure that we are up to the fight in preventing and controlling pollution.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7817.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7817.html
第一，加快构建生态文明体系。加快解决历史交汇期的生态环境问题，必须加快建立健全以生态价值观念为准则的生态文化体系，以产业生态化和生态产业化为主体的生态经济体系，以改善生态环境质量为核心的目标责任体系，以治理体系和治理能力现代化为保障的生态文明制度体系，以生态系统良性循环和环境风险有效防控为重点的生态安全体系。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7817.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7817.html
First, we must move faster to build systems for an ecological civilization.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7817.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7817.html
In order to expedite the resolution of environmental problems during the historic convergence of the Two Centenary Goals, we must act quickly to establish the following ecologically focused systems: a cultural system in which environmental concepts and values are norms, an economic system aimed at integrating industries and ecosystems, a system of responsibilities and objectives centered on improving environmental quality, a system of institutions backed by modernized governance systems and capacity, and a safety system that emphasizes the maintenance of well-functioning ecosystems and the effective prevention and control of environmental risks.
要通过加快构建生态文明体系，使我国经济发展质量和效益显著提升，确保到2035年节约资源和保护环境的空间格局、产业结构、生产方式、生活方式总体形成，生态环境质量实现根本好转，生态环境领域国家治理体系和治理能力现代化基本实现，美丽中国目标基本实现。到本世纪中叶，建成富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国，物质文明、政治文明、精神文明、社会文明、生态文明全面提升，绿色发展方式和生活方式全面形成，人与自然和谐共生，生态环境领域国家治理体系和治理能力现代化全面实现，建成美丽中国。
By moving faster to build systems for an ecological civilization, we will bring marked increases to the quality and effectiveness of China’s economic development, and guarantee that spatial patterns, industrial structures, modes of production, and lifestyles conducive to resource conservation and environmental protection have totally taken shape by 2035. We will also see that fundamental improvements are made in environmental quality, that modernization of our national governance systems and capacity in the environmental sphere is basically achieved, and that the goals of the Beautiful China Initiative are essentially met. By the middle of the century, we will reach our objective of building a strong and modern socialist country that is prosperous, democratic, civilized, harmonious, and beautiful, and complete all-round improvements in the material, political, intellectual, social, and ecological domains. At that time, environmentally friendly ways of living and developing will be fully formed, humans and nature will coexist in harmony, modernization of our national governance systems and capacity in the environmental field will be fully realized, and our efforts to build a beautiful China will be successful.
第二，全面推动绿色发展。绿色是生命的象征、大自然的底色，更是美好生活的基础、人民群众的期盼。绿色发展是新发展理念的重要组成部分，与创新发展、协调发展、开放发展、共享发展相辅相成、相互作用，是全方位变革，是构建高质量现代化经济体系的必然要求，目的是改变传统的“大量生产、大量消耗、大量排放”的生产模式和消费模式，使资源、生产、消费等要素相匹配相适应，实现经济社会发展和生态环境保护协调统一、人与自然和谐共处。
Second, we must promote green development across the board.
Green is the symbol of life and the color of nature, but it also represents the foundations of a better life and the expectations of the people. Green development is an integral component of the new development philosophy alongside innovation, coordination, openness, and sharing, and is essential for achieving comprehensive transformation and establishing a modern and high-quality economic system. The objective of green development is to transform traditional wasteful models of production and consumption and make factors such as resources, production, and consumption match up and adapt to each other so that we may achieve coordination and integration between socioeconomic development and environmental protection and ensure harmony between people and nature.
加快形成绿色发展方式，是解决污染问题的根本之策。只有从源头上使污染物排放大幅降下来，生态环境质量才能明显好上去。重点是调结构、优布局、强产业、全链条。调整经济结构和能源结构，既提升经济发展水平，又降低污染排放负荷。对重大经济政策和产业布局开展规划环评，优化国土空间开发布局，调整区域流域产业布局。培育壮大节能环保产业、清洁生产产业、清洁能源产业，发展高效农业、先进制造业、现代服务业。推进资源全面节约和循环利用，实现生产系统和生活系统循环链接。
Fostering green modes of development is the key to resolving our pollution problems. Environmental quality will only go up if emissions of pollutants at the source come down. We must adjust the economic and energy structures in order to both raise the level of economic development and reduce the amount of pollution released. We must carry out environmental assessments of major plans involving economic policies and the distribution of industries, optimize the distribution of territorial space available for development, and adjust the distribution of industries within regions and river basins. We must foster growing industries that promote energy conservation and environmental protection, clean production, and clean energy, and develop efficient agricultural industries, advanced manufacturing industries, and modern service industries. We must promote all-round conservation and recycling of resources, and ensure that the systems of production and everyday life overlap in their circular use of resources.
绿色生活方式涉及老百姓的衣食住行。要倡导简约适度、绿色低碳的生活方式，反对奢侈浪费和不合理消费。广泛开展节约型机关、绿色家庭、绿色学校、绿色社区创建活动，推广绿色出行，通过生活方式绿色革命，倒逼生产方式绿色转型。
Green ways of living relate to the basic needs of ordinary people, like food, clothing, shelter, and transportation. We must advocate a green and low-carbon lifestyle of moderation and frugality and oppose extravagance and unjustifiable consumption. We must carry out extensive campaigns to build conservation-minded public offices, engage in activities to promote green modes of transportation, and develop eco-friendly families, schools, and communities. By revolutionizing our lifestyles to become more environmentally friendly, we will set off a shift toward greener production.
第三，把解决突出生态环境问题作为民生优先领域。有利于百姓的事再小也要做，危害百姓的事再小也要除。打好污染防治攻坚战，就要打几场标志性的重大战役，集中力量攻克老百姓身边的突出生态环境问题。当前，重污染天气、黑臭水体、垃圾围城、农村环境已成为民心之痛、民生之患，严重影响人民群众生产生活，老百姓意见大、怨言多，甚至成为诱发社会不稳定的重要因素，必须下大气力解决好这些问题。要集中优势兵力，动员各方力量，群策群力，群防群治，一个战役一个战役打，打一场污染防治攻坚的人民战争。
Third, we must make the resolution of environmental issues a priority for improving public wellbeing.
No matter how small or insignificant they may seem, any action that will benefit the people must be taken, and any issue that may endanger the people must be dealt with. In order for us to prevail in the battle to prevent and control pollution, we must fight a number of major and symbolic campaigns, concentrating our energy on overcoming prominent environmental problems that impact the people directly. At present, heavy smog, dark and fetid water bodies, growing heaps of urban waste, and deterioration of the rural environment have become problems that generate great public anxiety due to their serious harm to the lives of the people. These problems have also invited large amounts of comments and complaints from the people and even become significant factors that may lead to social instability, and therefore we must put every effort into finding solutions to them. We must pool our strength and mobilize the support of all involved, making the fight to prevent and control pollution a popular struggle in which we work as a team to push forward from one battle to the next.
坚决打赢蓝天保卫战是重中之重。这既是国内民众的迫切期盼，也是我们就办好北京冬奥会向国际社会作出的承诺。要以京津冀及周边、长三角、汾渭平原等为主战场，以北京为重点，以空气质量明显改善为刚性要求，强化联防联控，基本消除重污染天气，还老百姓蓝天白云、繁星闪烁。要调整产业结构，减少过剩和落后产能，增加新的增长动能。要推进达标排放，降低重点行业污染物排放，实施火电、钢铁等重点行业超低排放改造。要在全国推开“散乱污”企业治理，坚决关停取缔一批，整改提升一批，搬迁入园一批。要调整能源结构，减少煤炭消费比重，加快清洁能源发展。要坚持因地制宜、多措并举，宜电则电、宜气则气，坚定不移推进北方地区冬季清洁取暖，加快天然气产供储销体系建设，优化天然气来源布局，加强管网互联互通，保障气源供应。要提供补贴政策和价格支持，确保“煤改气”、“煤改电”后老百姓用得上、用得起。要加大燃煤小锅炉淘汰力度，暂停一部分污染重的煤电机组，加快升级改造。要调整运输结构，减少公路运输量，增加铁路运输量。要抓紧治理柴油货车污染，推动货运经营整合升级、提质增效，加快规模化发展、连锁化经营。
We must make it a priority to win a decisive victory in the campaign to make our skies blue again. This is something that the people eagerly expect, as well as a commitment we have made to the international community as hosts of the 2022 Winter Olympics. We must strengthen joint efforts to prevent and control pollution, essentially eliminate heavy smog, and ensure that the people can once again see white clouds against a blue sky during the day and bright starts in a clear sky at night. In these efforts, we must focus on the main battlegrounds of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Fenwei Plain, putting particular emphasis on Beijing, and make it absolutely mandatory that we achieve marked improvements in air quality. We must adjust industrial structures, reduce excess and outdated production, and add new growth drivers. We must promote compliance with emission standards, reduce the amount of pollution discharged by key industries, and implement ultra-low emission upgrades in industries such as thermal power and steel. We must bring scattered, non-compliant, and polluting industries under control throughout the country, taking firm steps in which some are shut down, some are reformed and upgraded, and some are moved into industrial parks. We must adjust the energy mix, cutting the share of coal and speeding up the development of clean energy. As we resolutely advance clean winter heating in northern China, we must be responsive to local conditions and adopt multiple concurrent measures, using electricity or natural gas wherever appropriate. We must expedite the development of systems for the production, supply, storage, and sale of natural gas, improve the layout of natural gas sources, boost interconnectivity in the pipeline network, and guarantee adequate gas supply. At the same time, we should offer subsidies and pricing support to ensure that heating is still accessible and affordable to ordinary people after the switch from coal to gas or electricity. We must step up eliminating small coal-fired boilers, suspend operations of some heavily polluting coal power units, and speed up the retrofitting and upgrading of power plants. We must adjust the transportation structure, shifting freight volume from highways to railways. We must focus on managing pollution from diesel trucks and push forward the reorganization and improvement of freight transport operations, promoting higher quality and efficiency, franchising, and large-scale growth.
要深入实施水污染防治行动计划，打好水源地保护、城市黑臭水体治理、渤海综合治理、长江保护修复攻坚战，保障饮用水安全，基本消灭城市黑臭水体，还给老百姓清水绿岸、鱼翔浅底的景象。在治水上有不少问题要解决，其中有一个问题非常迫切，就是要加快补齐城镇污水收集和处理设施短板。这方面欠账太多。根据中央环境保护督察提供的情况，甚至一些直辖市、沿海发达省份、经济特区都有大量污水直排。要定个硬目标，全力攻克，尽快实现污水管网全覆盖、全收集、全处理。否则，一边治，一边排，效果就会事倍功半。
We must thoroughly implement our action plan for preventing and controlling water pollution. We must guarantee the safety of drinking water, and make progress on the key tasks of safeguarding water sources, dealing with dark and fetid bodies of water in urban areas, improving the overall environment of the Bohai region, and protecting and restoring Yangtze River ecosystems. We must eliminate essentially all of the unpleasant pollution in urban waterways, so that the people can once again sit on green banks and enjoy waters so clear that fish can be seen swimming around in them. There are many issues in water management that need to be resolved, but an extremely urgent one is the need to rectify deficiencies in the collection and treatment of urban sewage since there are far too many unfulfilled obligations in this regard. According to information gleaned through environmental inspections carried out by the Central Government, large amounts of untreated sewage are released directly into nearby bodies of water, even in municipalities directly under the Central Government, developed provinces along the coast, and special economic zones. We must set hard targets and put in every effort so that we can achieve complete coverage for wastewater pipe networks and make sure that all sewage is collected and treated as early as possible. If we instead try to deal with the problem while continuing to release sewage untreated, then we will be putting in twice the effort for half the result.
要全面落实土壤污染防治行动计划，推动制定和实施土壤污染防治法。突出重点区域、行业和污染物，强化土壤污染管控和修复，有效防范风险，让老百姓吃得放心、住得安心。要全面禁止洋垃圾入境，大幅减少进口固体废物种类和数量，严厉打击危险废物破坏环境违法行为，坚决遏制住危险废物非法转移、倾倒、利用和处理处置。
We must also see that our action plan for preventing and controlling soil pollution is comprehensively executed, and push forward the formulation and implementation of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Soil Pollution. We must prioritize key regions, industries, and pollutants, boost the management and restoration of areas affected by soil pollution, effectively forestall risks, and make sure that people have peace of mind about what they eat and where they live. We must enforce a comprehensive ban on importing foreign refuse, and significantly reduce the amount and variety of solid waste that we import. We must crack down illegal acts that damage the environment with dangerous waste, and firmly restrict the illicit transfer, dumping, use, or disposal of such waste.
农村环境直接影响米袋子、菜篮子、水缸子、城镇后花园。要调整农业投入结构，减少化肥农药使用量，增加有机肥使用比重，完善废旧地膜回收处理制度。要持续开展农村人居环境整治行动，实现全国行政村环境整治全覆盖，基本解决农村的垃圾、污水、厕所问题，打造美丽乡村，为老百姓留住鸟语花香田园风光。
Rural areas are like back gardens of cities, and the environment in these areas has a direct impact on the food on our plates and water in our cups. With this in mind, we must adjust the structure of agricultural input, cut down on the amounts of chemical fertilizers and pesticides used, apply more organic fertilizer, and improve systems for recycling and disposing of old and used plastic mulch. We must continue carrying out campaigns to improve rural living environments, see that environmental remediation covers all administrative villages in China, and fundamentally resolve the garbage, sewage, and lavatory problems of rural areas so that we may build a beautiful countryside and preserve pleasant rural landscapes for the people.
生态保护和污染防治密不可分、相互作用。其中，污染防治好比是分子，生态保护好比是分母，要对分子做好减法降低污染物排放量，对分母做好加法扩大环境容量，协同发力。要严格管控生态保护红线，实现山水林田湖草系统监管和事前事中事后的全过程监管。要推进城镇留白增绿，使老百姓享有惬意生活休闲空间。
Environmental protection and pollution prevention and control are inseparable issues due to how closely they interact with one another. They function like a fraction, with pollution prevention and control as the numerator and environmental protection as the denominator. Just like with any equation, we need to consider both sides: we must subtract from the numerator by reducing pollution levels, and add to the denominator by expanding the capacity of the environment. We must rigorously enforce red lines for environmental protection, keep watch over our ecosystems including mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, and grasslands, and achieve oversight on environmental issues at every stage of their development. Rather than rushing to redevelop urban land made available after the removal of illegal structures, we should turn it into green space, thereby ensuring that the people have access to pleasant leisure spaces.
第四，有效防范生态环境风险。生态环境安全是国家安全的重要组成部分，是经济社会持续健康发展的重要保障。“图之于未萌，虑之于未有。”要始终保持高度警觉，防止各类生态环境风险积聚扩散，做好应对任何形式生态环境风险挑战的准备。
Fourth, we must effectively forestall environmental risks.
Environmental security is a key component of national security, and an important safeguard for the continuation of healthy socioeconomic development. It is imperative that we take precautions so that we are prepared for the worst before it happens. We must always maintain a high level of vigilance, prevent the accumulation and spread of all types of environmental risks, and ensure that we are well prepared to face environmental risks or challenges of any kind.
要把生态环境风险纳入常态化管理，系统构建全过程、多层级生态环境风险防范体系，严密防控垃圾焚烧、对二甲苯（PX）等重点领域生态环境风险，推进“邻避”问题防范化解，破解涉环保项目“邻避”问题，着力提升突发环境事件应急处置能力。要加强核与辐射安全监管，健全监管体系，完善监管机制，提升监管能力，确保万无一失。
We must make management of environmental risks a regular practice, carefully constructing a multi-leveled environmental risk prevention system that monitors these risks at every stage. We must conduct strict prevention and control of key environmental risks such as those stemming from garbage incineration and p-xylene, forestall and defuse problems related to the so-called “not in my back yard” effect, prevent this effect from cropping up in environmental protection projects, and focus on raising our capacity to deal with environmental emergencies. We must strengthen supervision over nuclear and radiation safety by improving oversight systems, refining oversight mechanisms, and upgrading oversight capacity, thus making sure that there are absolutely no missteps in this regard.
第五，加快推进生态文明体制改革落地见效。生态文明体制改革是全面深化改革的重要领域，要以解决生态环境领域突出问题为导向，抓好已出台改革举措的落地，及时制定新的改革方案。对涉及生态文明体制改革的一些重要举措要尽快到位、发挥作用。中央环境保护督察要强化权威，加强力量配备，向纵深发展。要探索政府主导、企业和社会各界参与、市场化运作、可持续的生态产品价值实现路径，开展试点，积累经验。要健全环保信用评价、信息强制性披露、严惩重罚等制度。
Fifth, we must move faster to ensure that structural reforms in the ecological domain are implemented and take effect.
Structural reform promoting ecological advancement is an important aspect of comprehensively furthering reform. With the resolution of prominent problems in the environmental domain as our goal, we must focus on implementing reform measures that have already been launched while also formulating new reform plans in a timely manner. We must see that measures related to ecological structural reform are put in place as soon as possible so that they may serve their intended functions. Central government inspections on environmental protection must be given greater resources so that they can push deeper and become more authoritative. We should explore sustainable and market-based ways to realize the value of ecological goods that feature government leadership and participation from enterprises and all social sectors, launching trials and accumulating experience in this regard. We need to improve our systems for credibility assessment based on environmental protection performance, for mandatory disclosure of environmental information, and for imposing severe punishment on violators of environmental regulations.
这次深化党和国家机构改革，党中央决定组建生态环境部。主要考虑有两点：一是在污染防治上改变九龙治水的状况，整合职能，为打好污染防治攻坚战提供支撑。二是在生态保护修复上强化统一监管，坚决守住生态保护红线。要打通地上和地下、岸上和水里、陆地和海洋、城市和农村、一氧化碳和二氧化碳，贯通污染防治和生态保护，加强生态环境保护统一监管。生态环境部门要履行好职责，统一政策规划标准制定，统一监测评估，统一监督执法，统一督察问责。要整合组建生态环境保护综合执法队伍，按照减少层次、整合队伍、提高效率的原则，优化职能配置，统一实行生态环境保护执法。要健全区域流域海域生态环境管理体制，推进跨地区环保机构试点，整合相关部门和地方政府大气环境管理职责；加快组建流域环境监管执法机构，增强流域环境监管和行政执法合力。要完善海域生态环境管理体制，按海域设置监管机构。
In the current campaign to bolster reform of Party and government institutions, the CPC Central Committee decided to establish the Ministry of Ecology and Environment. There were two main considerations in this decision. The first was the need to consolidate roles in pollution prevention and control in order to end the confusing division of responsibilities between different ministries and provide support for the fight to prevent and control pollution. The second was the need to strengthen integrated oversight and firmly enforce environmental protection red lines in order to promote ecological conservation and restoration. We must strengthen unified supervision over environmental protection and link together environmental conservation and pollution prevention and control, integrating our efforts across the spectrum from the surface to the underground, from the banks and shores to the rivers and lakes, from the land to the sea, from the cities to the countryside, and from carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. Government departments responsible for environmental issues must effectively perform their duties, and take steps to standardize monitoring and assessment, oversight of law enforcement, accountability inspections, and the formulation of environmental policies, plans, and standards. We must establish coordinated law enforcement teams for environmental protection. In line with the principles of consolidating enforcement teams, raising their efficiency, and shortening their chains of command, we must optimize the assignment of functions to these teams and carry out unified enforcement of environmental protection law. We must improve environmental management systems for drainage basins and sea areas in all regions, promote trials to establish interregional environmental protection agencies, and consolidate the responsibilities of relevant government departments and local governments with regard to air quality management. We must expedite the establishment of environmental oversight and law enforcement bodies for drainage basins, and build greater synchronicity between environmental oversight and government law enforcement in these areas. We must refine environmental management systems in sea areas, setting up oversight bodies for each of these areas.
第六，提高环境治理水平。环境治理是系统工程，需要综合运用行政、市场、法治、科技等多种手段。要充分运用市场化手段，推进生态环境保护市场化进程，撬动更多社会资本进入生态环境保护领域。要完善资源环境价格机制，将生态环境成本纳入经济运行成本。要采取多种方式支持政府和社会资本合作项目。生态环境保护该花的钱必须花，该投的钱决不能省。要坚持资金投入同污染防治攻坚任务相匹配。要加强大气重污染成因研究和治理、京津冀环境综合治理重大项目等科技攻关，对臭氧、挥发性有机物以及新的污染物治理开展专项研究和前瞻研究，对涉及经济社会发展的重大生态环境问题开展对策性研究，加快成果转化与应用，为科学决策、环境管理、精准治污、便民服务提供支撑。要实施积极应对气候变化国家战略，推动和引导建立公平合理、合作共赢的全球气候治理体系，彰显我国负责任大国形象，推动构建人类命运共同体。
Sixth, we must improve environmental governance.
Environmental governance is a systematic project that requires the coordinated application of measures from multiple fields, including the government, the market, the rule of law, and science and technology. We must fully utilize market-based measures in order to make environmental protection more market based and leverage greater social capital in this regard. We must refine resource and environmental pricing mechanisms, taking ecological costs into account in economic operations. We must use various methods to encourage cooperation between government and private capital. Funds needed for environmental protection must be appropriated, and we must not pinch pennies on investment. We must be committed to matching funding with the tasks of pollution prevention and control. We must boost research on factors contributing to heavy air pollution, taking further steps to bring these factors under control, and overcome key scientific and technical hurdles including those related to major projects for improving the overall environment of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. We must carry out dedicated, forward-looking research on the management of ozone, volatile organic compounds, and new pollutants, conduct research on how to deal with major environmental problems that impact socioeconomic development, and expedite the application of research achievements, thereby offering support for scientific decision making, environmental management, targeted pollution control, and public services. We must implement a national strategy for actively responding to climate change, promote and guide the establishment of a fair and equitable global climate governance system featuring mutually beneficial cooperation, enhance China’s image as a responsible major country, and push forward the development of a human community with a shared future.
