四、切实保障被羁押人合法权利
IV. Safeguard the Legitimate Rights and Interests of Detainees文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7917.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7917.html
进一步改善监狱、看守所监管条件，强化对监管活动和刑罚执行的监督，严格规范减刑、假释和暂予监外执行，规定刑事被告人或上诉人出庭受审不再穿着监管机构的识别服，切实保障被羁押人的人格尊严、人身安全、合法财产和辩护、申诉、控告、检举等合法权利。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7917.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7917.html
We should further improve the conditions of prisons and detention houses, enhance scrutiny of supervisory activities and the execution of punishment, standardize commutation, parole, and execution of sentence outside prison, and stipulate that criminal defendants and appellants no longer need to wear clothing bearing the name of the detention house, so as to safeguard the detainees’ personal dignity, safety, legal property, and legitimate rights including the rights to defense, to appeal, to complain, and to report violations of law.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7917.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7917.html
加强看守所建设和管理，保障被羁押人的人身安全。实施新的《看守所建设标准》，全面推行床位制，对看守所的建筑标准和人均最低使用面积作出规定。严格落实入所身体检查制度，建立预防和打击牢头狱霸的长效机制，对新收押人员实行过渡管理，严禁使用在押人员管理监室。严格提讯、提解制度。办案机关因侦查需要提解犯罪嫌疑人出所辨认或者追缴犯罪有关财物的，必须持有县级以上办案机关主要领导批示并标明法定原因，由两名以上办案人员提解。截至2015年，全国有2169个看守所建立被羁押人心理咨询室，有2207个看守所实现留所服刑罪犯互联网双向视频会见。大力推进法律援助中心驻看守所工作站建设，全国已有2500多个看守所建立了工作站，为在押人员及其家属提供法律援助、法律咨询等服务。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7917.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7917.html
Strengthen the construction and management of detention houses to safeguard detainees’ personal safety. We must implement the new “Construction Standards for Detention Houses,” replace shared beds with single beds, and define the construction standards and minimal per capita floor space in detention houses. We must strictly implement the system of physical examination upon admission, establish a long-term mechanism for preventing and combating prison bullies, adopt transition management over new detainees, and strictly forbid detainees from managing cells. We should strengthen the arraignment and interrogation system. When taking out a suspect from the detention house for identification – which must be done by no fewer than two investigators at a time – or recovering property related to a case, the case handling organs should hold a written instruction signed by the leading official of the organ above the county level which bears the legal causes for the investigation.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7917.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7917.html
规范监狱、看守所生活医疗管理，保障被羁押人的健康权利。看守所严格执行本地区财政部门核定的在押人员伙食实物量标准，在监室内张贴伙食标准、每周食谱和伙食账目，接受监督。监狱按照《关于加强监狱生活卫生管理工作的若干规定》，严格落实2013年调整后的在押服刑人员伙食实物量标准、食品留样及抽样检测、生活物资招标采购制度。加强监狱生活卫生管理，保证服刑人员的饮食实现科学配膳、合理调剂、精细管理、杜绝浪费。照顾少数民族服刑人员的特殊生活习惯，对有特殊饮食禁忌的，单独设置少数民族灶。监狱、看守所加强在押人员医疗卫生保障，为在押人员建立医疗档案，配备驻监狱、看守所医生并每日在监室巡诊，对需要出监狱、看守所就医的在押人员及时送当地医院治疗。监狱严格药品采购、保管和使用等制度，加强卫生设施设备建设和疾病防控，对患病服刑人员及时诊治，依法保障服刑人员的生命权、健康权。最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部、司法部和国家卫生计生委联合制定《暂予监外执行规定》，于2014年12月1日起实施。服刑人员在监狱、看守所服刑期间因参加劳动致伤、致残被暂予监外执行的，出监、出所后的医疗补助、生活困难补助等费用按国家有关规定办理。对患有严重疾病需要保外就医的、怀孕或者正在哺乳自己婴儿的妇女以及生活不能自理的服刑人员，可以暂予监外执行。
Standardize medical services and life management in prisons and detention houses to safeguard detainees’ right to health. Detention houses should strictly follow the food supply quantity standard for detainees, which has been approved by local financial authorities. Meal standards, weekly menus and accounts should be posted in cells for supervision. Prisons should strictly follow the Regulations on Strengthening Management of Daily Life and Hygiene Work of Prisons, implement the prisoners’ food supply quantity standard which was adjusted in 2013, practice food sampling and sample reservation, and implement the system of invitation for bidding for and procurement of daily necessities. We should strengthen management of daily life and hygiene work of prisons, and guarantee a scientific diet which is reasonably adjusted with fine management for prisoners while eliminating waste. We should take into consideration the special customs of ethnic minority prisoners, and provide special meals for those who are subject to dietary restrictions.
Prisons and detention houses should improve medical services for detainees, create medical records for them, staff them with stationed doctors, who make rounds of the cells every day, and transfer those who need to be treated in hospitals outside in a timely manner. Regulations on purchase, storage and use of medicines in prisons should be strictly followed. We should improve medical facilities, strengthen disease prevention and control, provide timely treatment to sick detainees, and guarantee their rights to life and health in accordance with the law.
The Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Justice and the National Health and Family Planning Commission jointly formulated the Regulations on Execution of Sentence Outside Prison, which came into effect on December 1, 2014. If persons serving sentences are injured or maimed while working during imprisonment, and are allowed to enjoy execution of sentence outside prison, the fees including their medical subsidies and living allowances outside the prison will be reimbursed in accordance with the relevant regulations of the state. Pregnant or lactating women, those who suffer severe illnesses and need to be released on bail for medical treatment, and those who cannot take care of themselves are also allowed to enjoy execution of sentence outside prison.
加强对监狱、看守所的监督，保障被羁押人合法权利不受侵犯。看守所提高执法工作透明度，定期向社会开放。截至2015年，全国有2610个看守所建立在押人员投诉处理机制，有2558个看守所聘请了特邀监督员。检察机关监督看守所对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人入所健康体检活动和临时出所管理活动，防止和纠正侦查人员将犯罪嫌疑人提出看守所外进行非法讯问或刑讯逼供。强化刑事羁押期限监管，监督各有关部门清理久押不决案件。2013年核查出的羁押3年以上未结案的4459人，2015年下降到6人。
Enhance supervision over prisons and detention houses to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of detainees. To increase the transparency of their law enforcement, detention houses should open to the public on a regular basis. By 2015, a complaint handling mechanism for detainees had been installed in 2,610 detention houses, and 2,558 had employed special supervisors. Procuratorial organs supervise activities in detention houses such as health examinations upon entrance and temporary removal of detainees, with a view to preventing and rectifying illegal interrogation and forced confessions outside detention houses. We should strengthen supervision over the term of criminal detention and urge relevant departments to settle outstanding cases. In 2013, 4,459 detainees involved in outstanding cases had been in detention for more than three years, but the figure fell to six in 2015.
规范减刑、假释、暂予监外执行工作，保障服刑罪犯刑罚变更执行的权利。深化狱务公开，依法向社会公开减刑、假释、暂予监外执行的法定条件、程序和结果。人民法院强化网上公示、开庭审理等措施，开通全国法院减刑、假释、暂予监外执行信息网。2012年至2015年，各级法院共裁定减刑案件240.61万件、假释案件16.01万件。监狱、看守所严格按照法律规定，对符合减刑、假释、暂予监外执行的留所服刑罪犯及时办理相关手续。检察机关严格履行监督职责，确保刑罚变更的公平公正。
Standardize commutation, parole and execution of sentence outside prison and safeguard detainees’ rights to implementation of penalty change. We must open prison affairs wider to the public, including the legal conditions, procedures and results of commutation, parole and execution of sentence outside prison. People’s courts should improve online public notification and hearings, and open a national information network on commutation, parole and execution of sentence outside prison. From 2012 to 2015, people’s courts adjudicated 2,406,100 commutation cases and 160,100 parole cases. Prisons and detention houses should carry out relevant procedures in a timely manner for those who are qualified to enjoy commutation, parole or execution of sentence outside prison in accordance with the law. People’s procuratorates should strictly perform their supervisory duties so as to ensure the justice and fairness of penalty changes.
实施国家特赦，彰显人道精神。2015年8月29日，第十二届全国人大常委会第十六次会议通过关于特赦部分服刑罪犯的决定，国家主席习近平签署主席特赦令，对依据2015年1月1日前人民法院作出的生效判决正在服刑，释放后不具有现实社会危险性的四类罪犯实行特赦。这是新中国成立以来第八次，也是改革开放以来第一次实行特赦，是实施宪法规定的特赦制度、贯彻全面依法治国和体现人道主义精神的新实践，具有重大政治意义和法治意义。经人民法院依法裁定，全国共特赦服刑罪犯31527人。对无工作单位、无劳动能力、无生活来源、无法定赡养人的被特赦人员，依法按政策落实最低生活保障等措施，帮助被特赦人员顺利融入社会。
Implement national amnesty to highlight humanitarianism. On August 29, 2015, the 16th session of the 12th Standing Committee of the NPC approved the decision on amnesty for prisoners, and Chinese President Xi Jinping signed an amnesty decree, granting amnesty for four types of criminals who had been serving sentences according to effective judgments made by people’s courts before January 1, 2015 and were no longer considered to be a danger to society on release. This was the eighth national amnesty since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 and the first time since the adoption of reform and opening-up in 1978. It was a new approach to implementing the amnesty system stipulated in the Constitution, to implementing rule of law and highlighting humanitarianism, so it was of great political and legal significance. According to judgments made by people’s courts, 31,527 prisoners were granted amnesty across the country. Those who were incapable of work, or had no job, no source of income, and no legal supporters were granted subsistence allowances so that they could better reintegrate into society.
