二、保障公民宗教信仰自由权利
II. Protecting Citizens’ Freedom of Religious Belief文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7922.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7922.html
尊重和保护宗教信仰自由是中国政府一项长期的基本国策。《中华人民共和国宪法》明确规定：“中华人民共和国公民有宗教信仰自由”“任何国家机关、社会团体和个人不得强制公民信仰宗教或者不信仰宗教，不得歧视信仰宗教的公民和不信仰宗教的公民”“国家保护正常的宗教活动。任何人不得利用宗教进行破坏社会秩序、损害公民身体健康、妨碍国家教育制度的活动”。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7922.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7922.html
Respect for and protection of freedom of religious belief is a long-term basic national policy of the Chinese government. The Constitution of the People’s Republic of China clearly stipulates: “Citizens of the People’s Republic of China enjoy freedom of religious belief.” “No state organ, public organization or individual may compel citizens to believe in, or not believe in, any religion; nor may they discriminate against citizens who believe in, or do not believe in, any religion.” “The state protects normal religious activities. No one may make use of religion to engage in activities that disrupt public order, impair the health of citizens or interfere with the educational system of the state.”文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7922.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7922.html
中华人民共和国国务院颁布的《宗教事务条例》和新疆制定的《新疆维吾尔自治区宗教事务条例》，体现了“公民有宗教信仰自由”“国家保护正常的宗教活动”的宪法精神，信仰宗教或不信仰宗教，完全由公民自主选择，任何组织和个人不得强制公民信仰宗教或不信仰宗教，不得歧视信仰宗教的公民或不信仰宗教的公民。没有公民因信仰宗教或不信仰宗教而受到歧视和不公正待遇。新疆的相关法规规章，对宗教团体、宗教活动场所、宗教教职人员、宗教活动、宗教财产等作出了规定。公民宗教信仰自由权利与公民义务相统一，公民无论是否信仰宗教，都必须履行宪法和法律规定的义务。侵犯公民宗教信仰自由权利要承担相应的法律责任。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7922.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7922.html
The Regulations on Religious Affairs promulgated by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China, and the Regulations of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on Religious Affairs promulgated by the local government of Xinjiang both reflect the above principles of the Constitution that “citizens enjoy freedom of religious belief” and that “the state protects normal religious activities.” It is a completely independent choice of citizens to believe in, or not believe in, any religion. No organization or individual may compel citizens to believe in, or not believe in, any religion; nor may they discriminate against citizens who believe in, or do not believe in, any religion. No citizen suffers discrimination or unfair treatment for believing in, or not believing in, any religion. Relevant rules and regulations of Xinjiang also have provisions on religious groups, venues for religious activities, clerical personnel, religious activities, religious property and related matters. Citizens’ freedom of religious belief and their obligations are unified; citizens who believe in or do not believe in any religion must fulfill the obligations prescribed by the Constitution and the law. Anyone who infringes upon citizens’ freedom of religious belief shall bear the corresponding legal liability.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7922.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7922.html
法律保护正常的宗教活动。公民在宗教活动场所内以及按照宗教习惯在自己家里进行的一切正常的宗教活动，如礼拜、封斋、拜佛、祈祷、讲经、讲道、诵经、烧香、弥撒、受洗、受戒、终傅、追思、过宗教节日等，都由宗教团体和公民自理，受法律保护，任何组织和个人不得加以干涉。为保障顺利完成朝觐功课，新疆实行有组织、有计划的朝觐政策。自1996年以来，每年安排包机组织信教群众前往沙特阿拉伯麦加朝觐，政府对朝觐人员的医疗、翻译等给予资助，并做好随团服务保障，确保朝觐活动安全有序。
The law protects normal religious activities. All normal religious activities, including attending religious services, fasting, worshiping Buddha, praying, preaching, reciting scriptures, burning incense, attending Mass, being baptized or ordained, observing extreme unction, holding memorial ceremonies, and celebrating religious festivals, that believers conduct at venues for religious activities or in their own homes in accordance with customary religious practices, are exclusive affairs of religious groups and the believers themselves. These activities are protected by law, and no organization or individual may interfere with them. To ensure successful pilgrimages for believers in Islam, Xinjiang adopts a policy of organized and planned pilgrimages. Since 1996 the Xinjiang government has arranged charter flights every year to take believers in Islam to Mecca in Saudi Arabia. The Xinjiang government funds medical care and interpretation for pilgrims, and offers other services to ensure safe and orderly pilgrimages.
充分尊重信教公民的宗教感情、信仰需求。斋月期间，清真餐馆歇业或开业完全由业主自行决定，不受干涉。有吃斋饭传统的清真寺和一些信教公民免费为封斋者提供开斋饭。各地加强服务保障，确保斋月期间各项宗教活动有序进行。2015年7月3日正值斋月，和田地区发生6.5级地震，政府在积极做好救援安置工作的同时，及时搭建临时宗教活动场所，保障灾区信教公民礼拜、封斋等正常宗教生活。17日晚（开斋节前夜），新疆主要领导与伊斯兰教界人士、各族穆斯林群众代表共进开斋饭，共迎开斋节，受到社会各界广泛关注和好评。
Citizens’ religious feelings and needs are fully respected. During the holy Islamic month of Ramadan whether to close or open halal (Muslim food) restaurants is completely determined by the owners themselves without interference. There are mosques with a tradition of having iftar (the evening meal when Muslims end their daily Ramadan fast at sunset) and a number of religious believers provide free iftar to fasting people. Local governments ensure that all religious activities during Ramadan go on in an orderly manner. On July 3, 2015, during Ramadan, a 6.5-magnitude earthquake occurred in Hotan Prefecture. The government carried out rescue work while at the same time promptly setting up temporary sites to ensure prayer, fasting and other normal religious life for religious believers in the disaster-hit areas. On the evening of July 17 (the eve of Eid al-Fitr, festival of breaking of the fast), principal Party and government leaders of Xinjiang had iftar with Islamic personages and Muslim representatives of all ethnic groups to welcome Eid al-Fitr, attracting wide attention and praise from all sectors of society.
信教公民的习俗得到充分尊重。《中华人民共和国民族区域自治法》《中华人民共和国刑法》《中华人民共和国民法通则》《中华人民共和国教育法》《中华人民共和国劳动法》《中华人民共和国广告法》和《新疆维吾尔自治区清真食品管理条例》《新疆维吾尔自治区民族团结进步工作条例》等一系列法律法规，对保护信教公民习俗作出了具体规定，如清真食品的生产、加工、储运和销售，特需食品供应，清真饭馆、清真食堂开设等。各族人民在春节、古尔邦节、肉孜节等重大传统节日，都能享受到法定的节日假期和特需食品的供应。为有土葬习俗的少数民族划拨公墓专用土地。对带有宗教色彩的传统习俗，如起名、站礼、送葬、过乃孜尔等，予以尊重。
The customs of religious believers are fully respected. State laws, including the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy, Criminal Law, General Principles of the Civil Law, Education Law, Labor Law, and Advertising Law, and local regulations, including the Regulations of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on Administration of Muslim Food and the Regulations of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on the Work of Ethnic Unity and Progress contain specific provisions on the protection of religious customs, including production, processing, storage, distribution and selling of halal food, supply of special food, setting up of halal restaurants and halal canteens. During the Spring Festival, Eid al-Adha (Corban Festival), Eid al-Fitr and other major traditional festivals, all ethnic groups can enjoy statutory holidays and be supplied with special foodstuffs. Special cemetery areas are allocated for some ethnic-minority groups who traditionally bury their dead in the ground. Traditional practices of a religious nature, such as naming a child, funeral pray, burial, and holding Nazer (memorial activities), are respected.
宗教文化遗产得到有效保护。新疆现有喀什艾提尕尔清真寺、昭苏圣佑庙、克孜尔千佛洞等109处宗教文化古迹被列入自治区级以上文物保护单位，其中，全国重点文物保护单位46处，自治区级文物保护单位63处。中央政府拨专款对列入国家和新疆文物保护单位的喀什艾提尕尔清真寺、伊宁拜图拉清真寺、和田加曼清真寺、乌鲁木齐洋行清真寺和喀什香妃墓等进行修缮。新疆出资维修吐鲁番苏公塔、昭苏圣佑庙等28所寺庙。《先知传》《金光明经卷二》《弥勒会见记》等多部宗教类古籍被列入《国家珍贵古籍名录》。拨专款保护和整理历史流传下来的《古兰经》《穆圣传》等古籍。涉及宗教的非物质文化遗产也得到有效保护和传承。
Religious and cultural heritages are effectively protected. A total of 109 religious and cultural sites in Xinjiang, including Id Kah Mosque in Kashgar, Shengyou Lamasery in Zhaosu and the Kizil Grottoes, have been designated as cultural relics sites under the protection of the autonomous region and the state. Among the 109 sites, 46 are key cultural relics sites under the protection of the state, and 63 are under the protection of the autonomous region. The central government has allocated special funds to renovate cultural relic protection sites at the state and autonomous-region levels, including the Id Kah Mosque in Kashgar, Baytulla Mosque in Yining, Jiaman Mosque in Hotan, Yanghang Mosque in Urumqi and the Tomb of the Fragrant Imperial Concubine (Apak Hoja Mazzar) in Kashgar. The Xinjiang government has funded the renovation and repair of 28 temples, including Sulayman’ s Minaret in Turpan and Shengyou Lamasery in Zhaosu. Many ancient religious books, including the Biography of the Prophet (Qissasul anbiya), Volume II of the Golden Light Sutra (Suvar aprabhasa Sutra), and Maitrisimit Nom Bitig, have been included in the Catalog of National Rare Books of China. Special funds have been allocated to protect and edit some books, such as the Koran and The Prophet Muhammad: A Biography, which have been passed down from history. Intangible cultural heritage items relating to religion are also under effective protection and inheritance.
保障宗教界参政议政权利。各级人民代表大会和政治协商会议对宗教信仰自由政策和法律法规的贯彻执行情况实施监督检查。在各级人民代表大会、政治协商会议中，新疆宗教界有1436人担任代表、委员，通过人民代表大会、政治协商会议，履行参政议政权利，就政府相关工作特别是宗教方面的工作提出意见、建议或议案、提案。
Religious personages’ right to participate in the deliberation and administration of state affairs is protected. People’s congresses and committees of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) at all levels supervise and inspect the implementation of the policy of religious freedom and the enforcement of pertinent laws and regulations. Among people’s congresses and the CPPCC committees at all levels, 1,436 religious believers from Xinjiang serve as deputies and members to fulfill the right to participate in the deliberation and administration of state affairs through the two organs, raising views and recommendations or submitting proposals and motions on government work, especially religious work.
