五、中国处理南海问题的政策
V. China’s Policy on the South China Sea Issue文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7929.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7929.html
121、中国是维护南海和平稳定的重要力量。中国一贯遵守《宪章》的宗旨和原则，坚定维护和促进国际法治，尊重和践行国际法，在坚定维护中国在南海的领土主权和海洋权益的同时，坚持通过谈判协商解决争议，坚持通过规则机制管控分歧，坚持通过互利合作实现共赢，致力于把南海建设成和平之海、友谊之海和合作之海。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7929.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7929.html
121. China is an important force for maintaining peace and stability in the South China Sea. It abides by the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and is committed to upholding and promoting international rule of law. It respects and acts in accordance with international law. While firmly safeguarding its territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests, China adheres to the position of settling disputes through negotiation and consultation and managing differences through rules and mechanisms. China endeavors to achieve win-win outcomes through mutually beneficial cooperation, and is committed to making the South China Sea a sea of peace, cooperation and friendship.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7929.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7929.html
122、中国坚持与地区国家共同维护南海和平稳定，坚定维护各国依据国际法在南海享有的航行和飞越自由，积极倡导域外国家尊重地区国家的努力，在维护南海和平稳定问题上发挥建设性作用。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7929.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7929.html
122. China is committed to maintaining peace and stability in the South China Sea with other countries in the region and upholding the freedom of navigation and overflight in the South China Sea enjoyed by other countries under international law. China urges countries outside this region to respect the efforts in this regard by countries in the region and to play a constructive role in maintaining peace and stability in the South China Sea.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7929.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7929.html
（一）关于南沙群岛领土问题
i. On the territorial issues concerning Nansha Qundao
123、中国坚定地维护对南海诸岛及其附近海域的主权。部分国家对南沙群岛部分岛礁提出非法领土主张并实施武力侵占，严重违反《宪章》和国际关系基本准则，是非法的、无效的。对此，中国坚决反对，并要求有关国家停止对中国领土的侵犯。
123. China is firm in upholding its sovereignty over Nanhai Zhudao and their surrounding waters. Some countries have made illegal territorial claims over and occupied by force some islands and reefs of Nansha Qundao. These illegal claims and occupation constitute gross violations of the Charter of the United Nations and basic norms governing international relations. They are null and void. China consistently and resolutely opposes such actions and demands that relevant states stop their violation of China’s territory.
124、中国始终致力于与包括菲律宾在内的直接有关的当事国在尊重历史事实的基础上，根据国际法，通过谈判解决有关争议。
124. China has spared no efforts to settle, on the basis of respecting historical facts, relevant disputes with the Philippines and other countries directly concerned, through negotiation in accordance with international law.
125、众所周知，陆地领土问题不属于《公约》调整的事项。因此，南沙群岛领土问题不适用《公约》。
125. It is universally recognized that land territorial issues are not regulated by UNCLOS. Thus, the territorial issue in Nansha Qundao is not subject to UNCLOS.
（二）关于南海海洋划界问题
ii. On maritime delimitation in the South China Sea
126、中国主张，同直接有关的当事国依据包括《公约》在内的国际法，通过谈判公平解决南海海洋划界问题。在划界问题最终解决前，各方应保持自我克制，不采取使争议复杂化、扩大化和影响和平与稳定的行动。
126. China maintains that the issue of maritime delimitation in the South China Sea should be settled equitably through negotiation with countries directly concerned in accordance with international law, including UNCLOS. Pending the final settlement of this issue, all relevant parties must exercise self-restraint in the conduct of activities that may complicate or escalate disputes and affect peace and stability.
127、1996年，中国在批准《公约》时声明：“中华人民共和国将与海岸相向或相邻的国家，通过协商，在国际法基础上，按照公平原则划定各自海洋管辖权界限。”1998年，《中华人民共和国专属经济区和大陆架法》进一步明确中国同海洋邻国之间解决海洋划界问题的原则立场，即“中华人民共和国与海岸相邻或者相向国家关于专属经济区和大陆架的主张重叠的，在国际法的基础上按照公平原则以协议划定界限”，“本法的规定不影响中华人民共和国享有的历史性权利”。
127. When ratifying UNCLOS in 1996, China stated that, “The People’s Republic of China will effect, through consultations, the delimitation of the boundary of the maritime jurisdiction with the States with coasts opposite or adjacent to China respectively on the basis of international law and in accordance with the principle of equitability.” China’s positions in this regard are further elaborated in the 1998 Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Exclusive Economic Zone and the Continental Shelf. This Law provides that, “The People’s Republic of China shall determine the delimitation of its exclusive economic zone and continental shelf in respect of the overlapping claims by agreement with the states with opposite or adjacent coasts, in accordance with the principle of equitability and on the basis of international law”, and that, “The provisions in this law shall not affect the historical rights that the People’s Republic of China has been enjoying ever since the days of the past”.
128、中国不接受任何企图通过单方面行动把海洋管辖权强加于中国的做法，也不认可任何有损于中国在南海海洋权益的行动。
128. China does not accept any unilateral action attempting to enforce maritime claims against China. Nor does China recognize any action that may jeopardize its maritime rights and interests in the South China Sea.
