（三）关于争端解决方式
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7929.html
iii. On the ways and means of dispute settlement文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7929.html
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129、基于对国际实践的深刻认识和中国自身丰富的国家实践，中国坚信，要解决任何国家间争议，无论选择哪种机制和方式，都不能违背主权国家的意志，应以国家同意为基础。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7929.html
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129. Based on an in-depth understanding of international practice and its own rich practice, China firmly believes that no matter what mechanism or means is chosen for settling disputes between any countries, the consent of states concerned should be the basis of that choice, and the will of sovereign states should not be violated.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7929.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7929.html
130、在领土和海洋划界问题上，中国不接受任何强加于中国的争端解决方案，不接受任何诉诸第三方的争端解决方式。2006年8月25日，中国根据《公约》第298条的规定向联合国秘书长提交声明，称“关于《公约》第二百九十八条第1款（a）、（b）、（c）项所述的任何争端，中华人民共和国政府不接受《公约》第十五部分第二节规定的任何程序”，明确将涉及海洋划界、历史性海湾或所有权、军事和执法活动，以及联合国安全理事会执行《宪章》所赋予的职务等争端排除在《公约》强制争端解决程序之外。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7929.html
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130. On issues concerning territory and maritime delimitation, China does not accept any means of dispute settlement imposed on it, nor does it accept any recourse to third-party settlement. On 25 August 2006, China deposited, pursuant to Article 298 of UNCLOS, with the Secretary-General of the United Nations a declaration, stating that, “The Government of the People’s Republic of China does not accept any of the procedures provided for in Section 2 of Part XV of the Convention with respect to all the categories of disputes referred to in paragraph 1 (a), (b) and (c) of Article 298 of the Convention”. This explicitly excludes from UNCLOS compulsory dispute settlement procedures disputes concerning maritime delimitation, historic bays or titles, military and law enforcement activities, and disputes in respect of which the Security Council of the United Nations is exercising the functions assigned to it by the Charter of the United Nations.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7929.html
131、中华人民共和国成立以来，已与14个陆地邻国中的12个国家，本着平等协商、相互谅解的精神，通过双边谈判，签订了边界条约，划定和勘定的边界约占中国陆地边界长度的90%。中国与越南已通过谈判划定了两国在北部湾的领海、专属经济区和大陆架界限。中国对通过谈判解决争议的诚意和不懈努力是有目共睹的。不言而喻，谈判是国家意志的直接体现。谈判当事方直接参与形成最终结果。实践表明，谈判取得的成果更容易获得当事国人民的理解和支持，能够得到有效实施，并具有持久生命力。只有当事方通过平等谈判达成协议，有关争议才能获得根本长久解决，有关协议才能得到全面有效贯彻实施。
131. Since its founding, the People’s Republic of China has signed boundary treaties with 12 of its 14 land neighbors through bilateral negotiations and consultations in a spirit of equality and mutual understanding, and about 90% of China’s land boundaries have been delimited and demarcated. China and Vietnam have delimited through negotiations the boundary between their territorial seas, exclusive economic zones and continental shelves in the Beibu Bay. China’s sincerity in settling disputes through negotiation and its unremitting efforts made in this respect are known to all. It is self-evident that negotiation directly reflects the will of states. The parties directly participate in the formulation of the result. Practice demonstrates that a negotiated outcome will better gain the understanding and support of the people of countries concerned, will be effectively implemented and will be durable. Only when an agreement is reached by parties concerned through negotiation on an equal footing can a dispute be settled once and for all, and this will ensure the full and effective implementation of the agreement.
（四）关于在南海管控分歧和开展海上务实合作
iv. On managing differences and engaging in practical maritime cooperation in the South China Sea
132、根据国际法和国际实践，在海洋争议最终解决前，当事国应保持克制，尽一切努力作出实际性的临时安排，包括建立和完善争议管控规则和机制，开展各领域合作，推动“搁置争议，共同开发”，维护南海地区的和平稳定，为最终解决争议创造条件。有关合作和共同开发不妨害最后界限的划定。
132. In keeping with international law and practice, pending final settlement of maritime disputes, the states concerned should exercise restraint and make every effort to enter into provisional arrangements of a practical nature, including establishing and improving dispute management rules and mechanisms, engaging in cooperation in various sectors, and promoting joint development while shelving differences, so as to uphold peace and stability in the South China Sea region and create conditions for the final settlement of disputes. Relevant cooperation and joint development are without prejudice to the final delimitation.
133、中国积极推动与有关国家建立双边海上磋商机制，探讨在渔业、油气等领域的共同开发，倡议有关各国积极探讨根据《公约》有关规定，建立南海沿岸国合作机制。
133. China works actively to promote the establishment of bilateral maritime consultation mechanisms with relevant states, explores joint development in areas such as fishery, oil and gas, and champions the active exploration by relevant countries in establishing a cooperation mechanism among the South China Sea coastal states in accordance with relevant provisions of UNCLOS.
134、中国始终致力于与东盟国家一道全面有效落实《宣言》，积极推动海上务实合作，已取得了包括建立“中国—东盟国家海上联合搜救热线平台”、“中国—东盟国家应对海上紧急事态外交高官热线平台”以及“中国—东盟国家海上联合搜救沙盘推演”等“早期收获”成果。
134. China is always dedicated to working with ASEAN Member States to fully and effectively implement the DOC and actively promote practical maritime cooperation. Together the Parties have already achieved “Early Harvest Measures”, including the “Hotline Platform on Search and Rescue among China and ASEAN Member States”, the “Senior Officials’ Hotline Platform in Response to Maritime Emergencies among Ministries of Foreign Affairs of China and ASEAN Member States”, as well as the “Table-top Exercise of Search and Rescue among China and ASEAN Member States”.
135、中国始终坚持倡导各方在全面有效落实《宣言》框架下，积极推进“南海行为准则”磋商，争取在协商一致基础上早日达成“准则”。为在“准则”最终达成前妥善管控海上风险，中国提议探讨制定“海上风险管控预防性措施”，并获得东盟国家一致认同。
135. China consistently maintains that the Parties should push forward consultations on a “Code of Conduct” (COC) under the framework of full and effective implementation of the DOC, with a view to achieving an early conclusion on the basis of consensus. In order to properly manage risks at sea, pending the final conclusion of a COC, China proposed the adoption of “Preventive Measures to Manage Risks at Sea”. This proposal has been unanimously accepted by all ASEAN Member States.
