二、中菲南海有关争议的由来
II. Origin of the Relevant Disputes Between China and the Philippines in the South China Sea文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7929.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7929.html
55、中菲南海有关争议的核心是菲律宾非法侵占中国南沙群岛部分岛礁而产生的领土问题。此外，随着国际海洋法制度的发展，中菲在南海部分海域还出现了海洋划界争议。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7929.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7929.html
55. The core of the relevant disputes between China and the Philippines in the South China Sea lies in the territorial issues caused by the Philippines’ invasion and illegal occupation of some islands and reefs of China’s Nansha Qundao. In addition, with the development of the international law of the sea, a maritime delimitation dispute also arose between the two states regarding certain sea areas of the South China Sea.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7929.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7929.html
（一）菲律宾非法侵占行为制造了中菲南沙岛礁争议文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7929.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7929.html
i. The Philippines’ invasion and illegal occupation caused disputes with China over some islands and reefs of Nansha Qundao文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7929.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7929.html
56、菲律宾的领土范围是由包括1898年《美西和平条约》（《巴黎条约》）、1900年《美西关于菲律宾外围岛屿割让的条约》（《华盛顿条约》）、1930年《关于划定英属北婆罗洲与美属菲律宾之间的边界条约》在内的一系列国际条约确定的。
56. The territory of the Philippines is defined by a series of international treaties, including the 1898 Treaty of Peace between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain (the Treaty of Paris), the 1900 Treaty between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain for Cession of Outlying Islands of the Philippines (the Treaty of Washington), and the 1930 Convention between His Majesty in Respect of the United Kingdom and the President of the United States regarding the Boundary between the State of North Borneo and the Philippine Archipelago.
57、中国南海诸岛在菲律宾领土范围之外。
57. The Philippines’ territory so defined has nothing to do with China’s Nanhai Zhudao.
58、20世纪50年代，菲律宾曾企图染指中国南沙群岛。但在中国坚决反对下，菲律宾收手了。1956年5月，菲律宾人克洛马组织私人探险队到南沙群岛活动，擅自将中国南沙群岛部分岛礁称为“自由地”。随后，菲律宾副总统兼外长加西亚对克洛马的活动表示支持。对此，中国外交部发言人于5月29日发表声明，严正指出：南沙群岛“向来是中国领土的一部分。中华人民共和国对这些岛屿具有无可争辩的合法主权……绝不容许任何国家以任何借口和采取任何方式加以侵犯”。同时，中国台湾当局派军舰赴南沙群岛巡弋，恢复在南沙群岛太平岛上驻守。此后，菲律宾外交部表示，克洛马此举菲律宾政府事前并不知情，亦未加以同意。
58. In the 1950s, the Philippines attempted to take moves on China’s Nansha Qundao but eventually stopped because of China’s firm opposition. In May 1956, Tomás Cloma, a Filipino, organized a private expedition to some islands and reefs of Nansha Qundao and unlawfully named them “Freedomland”. Afterwards, Philippine Vice President and Foreign Minister Carlos Garcia expressed support for Cloma’s activities. In response, the spokesperson of the Chinese Foreign Ministry issued a stern statement on 29 May, pointing out that Nansha Qundao “has always been a part of China’s territory. The People’s Republic of China has indisputable sovereignty over these islands [...] and will never tolerate the infringement of its sovereignty by any country with any means and under any excuse.” At the same time, China’s Taiwan authorities sent troops to patrol Nansha Qundao and resumed stationing troops on Taiping Dao. Afterward, the Philippine Department of Foreign Affairs said that the government of the Philippines did not know about Cloma’s activities or give him the consent before he took his moves.
59、自20世纪70年代起，菲律宾先后以武力侵占中国南沙群岛部分岛礁，并提出非法领土要求。1970年8月和9月，菲律宾非法侵占马欢岛和费信岛；1971年4月，菲律宾非法侵占南钥岛和中业岛；1971年7月，菲律宾非法侵占西月岛和北子岛；1978年3月和1980年7月，菲律宾非法侵占双黄沙洲和司令礁。1978年6月，菲律宾总统马科斯签署第1596号总统令，将中国南沙群岛部分岛礁并连同周边大范围海域称为“卡拉延岛群”（“卡拉延”在他加禄语中意为“自由”），划设“卡拉延镇区”，非法列入菲律宾领土范围。
59. Starting in the 1970s, the Philippines invaded and illegally occupied by force some islands and reefs of China’s Nansha Qundao and raised illegal territorial claims. The Philippines invaded and illegally occupied Mahuan Dao and Feixin Dao in August and September 1970, Nanyao Dao and Zhongye Dao in April 1971, Xiyue Dao and Beizi Dao in July 1971, Shuanghuang Shazhou in March 1978 and Siling Jiao in July 1980. In June 1978, Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos signed Presidential Decree No. 1596, which designated some islands and reefs of China’s Nansha Qundao and large areas of their surrounding waters as “Kalayaan Island Group” (“Kalayaan” in Tagalog means “Freedom”), set up “Municipality of Kalayaan” and illegally included them in the Philippine territory.
60、菲律宾还通过一系列国内立法，提出了自己的领海、专属经济区和大陆架等主张。其中部分与中国在南海的海洋权益产生冲突。
60. The Philippines has also enacted a series of national laws to lay its own claims of territorial sea, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf, part of which conflicted with China’s maritime rights and interests in the South China Sea.
61、菲律宾为掩盖其非法侵占中国南沙群岛部分岛礁的事实，实现其领土扩张的野心，炮制了一系列借口，包括：“卡拉延岛群”不属于南沙群岛，是“无主地”；南沙群岛在二战后是“托管地”；菲律宾占领南沙群岛是依据“地理邻近”和出于“国家安全”需要；“南沙群岛部分岛礁位于菲律宾专属经济区和大陆架上”；菲律宾“有效控制”有关岛礁已成为不能改变的“现状”等。
61. The Philippines has concocted many excuses to cover up its invasion and illegal occupation of some islands and reefs of China’s Nansha Qundao in order to pursue its territorial pretensions. For instance, it claims that: “Kalayaan Island Group” is not part of Nansha Qundao but terra nullius; Nansha Qundao became “trust territory” after the end of the Second World War; the Philippines has occupied Nansha Qundao because of “contiguity or proximity” and out of “national security” considerations; “some islands and reefs of Nansha Qundao are located in the exclusive economic zone and continental shelf of the Philippines”; the Philippines’ “effective control” over the relevant islands and reefs has become the “status quo” that cannot be changed.
