五、推进文化事业繁荣发展
V. Promoting Cultural Prosperity文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8262.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8262.html
自治区成立以来，新疆始终高度重视文化建设，保护、传承和弘扬优秀传统文化，大力发展现代文化，不断满足各族人民日益增长的精神文化需求，有力保障各族群众享有平等的文化权益。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8262.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8262.html
Since the autonomous region was established in 1955, Xinjiang has attached great importance to culture, promoting the preservation, bequeathal and onward transmission of fine cultural traditions, and vigorously developing modern culture, in order to meet the ever growing cultural needs of the people of all ethnic groups and safeguard their equal cultural rights and interests.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8262.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8262.html
公共文化服务水平显著提升。1955年，新疆仅有1个公共图书馆和36个文化馆。1978年，建成1个博物馆。2007年，国家支持新疆启动公益性文化工程“东风工程”和“农家书屋工程”。2008年、2012年先后启动惠及新疆广大农村群众的广播电视村村通工程和户户通工程。截至2014年，全区每个行政村都有农家书屋。2010年以来，国家、自治区累计投入资金15亿元，实施“县级文化馆、图书馆修缮工程”“文化信息资源共享工程”“乡镇综合文化站工程”“广播电视村村通和户户通”等一系列基础文化设施工程。截至2014年，建成117个文化馆、107个公共图书馆、82个博物馆（纪念馆）和1147个文化站，广播电视村村通、户户通用户共346万户，基本建成区、地、县、乡四级公共文化服务体系。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8262.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8262.html
Public cultural services have improved remarkably. In 1955, Xinjiang had only one public library and 36 cultural centers. In 1978, Xinjiang built its first museum. In 2007, with state support, Xinjiang launched two nonprofit cultural projects – the East Wind Project (to give books and publications free of charge) and the Rural Library Project (to provide farmers with books, periodicals, newspapers and audio and video products). In 2008 and 2012, Xinjiang started the Radio and TV Programs for Each Village Project and the Radio and TV Programs for Each Rural Household Project, both benefiting all local rural population. By 2014, every administrative village in Xinjiang had its own rural library.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8262.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8262.html
Since 2010, the state and the autonomous region have provided a total of RMB1.5 billion to improve cultural infrastructure, launching the County-level Library and Cultural Center Renovation Project, the National Cultural Information Resources Sharing Project (constructing information centers to share Xinjiang’s resources with other areas of the country), and the Town and Township Comprehensive Cultural Center Project, as well as the aforementioned Radio and TV Programs for Each Village Project and Radio and TV Programs for Each Rural Household Project. By 2014, Xinjiang had built 117 cultural centers, 107 public libraries, 82 museums (memorial halls) and 1,147 cultural activity venues, made radio and TV access to 3.46 million rural households, and completed the basic public cultural service system of four levels (the autonomous region, prefecture, county (city) and town (township)).
文化遗产得到有效保护。新疆现有全国文物保护单位113处、自治区级文物保护单位550处、文物藏品128894件（套）。“丝绸之路：长安－天山廊道的路网”项目入选“世界文化遗产名录”。高昌故城、交河故城、北庭故城遗址、克孜尔尕哈烽燧、克孜尔石窟、苏巴什佛寺遗址成为新疆首批世界文化遗产。搜集、登记少数民族古籍11194册（件），整理出版140种。66部少数民族古籍被列入《国家珍贵古籍名录》。以维吾尔文和汉文分别翻译、出版濒于失传的喀喇汗王朝鸿篇巨制《福乐智慧》和《突厥语大词典》。2009年，启动维吾尔族历史文化保护工程——喀什市老城区危旧房改造。截至2014年，该项目获得补助资金累计30亿元，改造危旧房3.1万户。新疆现有入选联合国教科文组织“人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录”和“急需保护的非物质文化遗产名录”的项目3项，分别是新疆维吾尔木卡姆艺术、玛纳斯、麦西莱甫；入选国家级、自治区级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录的项目分别有127项、293项；国家级、自治区级非物质文化遗产代表性传承人分别有64位、459位。2010年，《新疆维吾尔自治区维吾尔木卡姆艺术保护条例》颁布实施，这是中国首个保护人类非物质文化遗产代表作的省级地方单项立法。搜集维吾尔、哈萨克、蒙古、柯尔克孜等民族民间长诗700余部。蒙古族史诗《江格尔》、哈萨克族阿依特斯、回族花儿、塔吉克族鹰舞、锡伯族西迁节等一批民族传统文化瑰宝得到积极保护。
Cultural heritage has been effectively protected. Xinjiang has 113 cultural relic sites under state protection, and 550 under autonomous regional protection. The region boasts 128,894 individual items or sets of cultural relics. “Silk Roads: The Routes Network of Chang’ an-Tianshan Corridor” has been designated as a World Heritage Site. Gaochang Ancient City Ruins, Jiaohe Ancient City Ruins, Beiting Ancient City Site, Kizilgaha Beacon Tower, Kizil Grottoes and Subashi Buddhist Temple Ruins are the first group to be listed in the World Heritage Sites in Xinjiang. The autonomous region has collected and registered 11,194 copies of ancient ethnic minority books, and edited and published 140 of them. Sixty-six ancient ethnic minority titles have been included in the Catalogue of National Rare Ancient Books. Kutadgu Bilig and A Comprehensive Turkic Dictionary, masterpieces of the Karahan Kingdom, which were almost lost to posterity, have been translated into and published in both Uygur and Han Chinese. In 2009, the autonomous region launched the Uygur Historic and Cultural Preservation Project – Renovation of Dilapidated Buildings in the Old Kashi City Proper. By 2014, this project had received grants amounting to RMB3 billion, and old and dilapidated buildings for 31,000 households had been renovated.
Currently, Xinjiang has three projects on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List and the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding – The Art of Xinjiang Uygur Muqam, the Epic of Manas, and the Meshrep, in addition to 127 items of intangible cultural heritage of state class and 293 items of the autonomous regional class, as well as 64 representative trustees of intangible cultural heritages at state level and 459 at autonomous regional level. In 2010, Regulations of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on the Preservation of the Art of Uygur Muqam was promulgated, which was China’s first separate regulations at provincial level designed to protect intangible cultural heritage. The autonomous region has collected more than 700 long folk poems of the Uygur, Kazak, Mongol, Kirgiz and other ethnic groups. Vigorous efforts have been made to preserve traditional ethnic cultural treasures, such as the Mongolian epic Janger, the Kazak’s ballad singing Aytes, the Hui folk song Hua’er, the Tajik’s Eagle Dance and the Xibe’s West Moving Festival.
文学艺术事业繁荣发展。自治区成立后，新疆民间文学、古典文学得到搜集、整理、翻译、出版和研究，各民族作家、诗人、翻译家、剧作家、表演艺术家和文学评论家迅速成长，逐步形成一支多民族的文学艺术创作、表演和研究队伍。创作出杂技剧《你好，阿凡提》、话剧《大巴扎》、歌剧《艾力甫与赛乃姆》、音乐剧《冰山上的来客》、歌舞剧《情暖天山》、木卡姆乐舞《木卡姆的春天》等艺术精品。一批文学艺术作品获国家“五个一工程奖”“鲁迅文学奖”“全国少数民族文艺会演金奖”“国家舞台艺术精品工程”“文华奖”“荷花奖”“中国杂技金菊奖”“骏马奖”“天山文艺奖”等国家和自治区级奖项。
Literature and arts are prospering. Since the founding of the autonomous region, Xinjiang’s folk and classical literature has been collected, collated, translated, published and studied. Writers, poets, translators, playwrights, performing artists, literary critics of all ethnic minority origins have rapidly matured, forming a multiethnic literary writing, performing and research contingent. Works of excellence have been staged, including Hello, Apandi (acrobatic show), Grand Bazaar (drama), Gherip-Senem (opera), Visitors on the Icy Mountain (musical), Love over the Tianshan Mountains (musical), and The Spring of Muqam (song and dance drama). A group of literary and art works have won the Best Works Award, the Lu Xun Literary Prize, the Gold Award of the National Ethnic Minority Theatrical Festival, Splendor Award and Lotus Award for Stage Arts of Excellence (the former for theatrical artworks and the latter for dance), the China Acrobatic Golden Chrysanthemum Award, the Steed Award (for ethnic minority writers), the Tianshan Literary Prize, and other national and autonomous regional prizes.
新闻出版事业稳步发展。2014年，公开发行报纸111种，其中少数民族文字报纸51种；发行期刊199种，其中少数民族文字期刊116种、外文3种。用维吾尔、汉、哈萨克、蒙古4种文字出版的《新疆日报》是中国使用文种最多的省级机关报。《新疆经济报》在中亚出版。《乌鲁木齐晚报》（维吾尔文版）是中国第一张少数民族文字的晚报。《克孜勒苏报》（柯尔克孜文版）是中国唯一的柯尔克孜文报纸。《察布查尔报》是世界仅有的锡伯文报纸。新疆现有13家出版社使用维吾尔、汉、哈萨克、蒙古、柯尔克孜、锡伯6种语言文字出版图书、音像制品和电子出版物。2010年以来，启动《新疆文库》、“新疆民族文学原创和民汉互译作品工程”、维吾尔和哈萨克文《中国大百科全书》等重大出版项目。一批优秀出版物获得“五个一工程奖”、中国出版政府奖等国家级奖项。
Press and publishing are making steady progress. In 2014, Xinjiang published 111 newspapers, including 51 in ethnic minority languages, and 199 periodicals, including 116 in ethnic minority languages and three in foreign languages. Xinjiang Daily, published in four languages – Uygur, Han Chinese, Kazak and Mongolian – is the official provincial-level newspaper published in the largest number of languages in China. Xinjiang Economic Daily has been published in Urumqi. Urumqi Evening News (Uygur edition) is China’s first evening post published in ethnic minority languages. Kizilsu News (Kirgiz edition) is China’s only newspaper published in the Kirgiz language. Qapqal News is the world’s only newspaper published in the Xibe language. Xinjiang now has 13 publishing houses publishing books, audio and video products, and e-publications in six languages – Uygur, Han Chinese, Kazak, Mongolian, Kirgiz and Xibe. Since 2010, the autonomous region has launched several major publishing projects, including Xinjiang’s Library, Xinjiang Ethnic Literary Creation and Chinese-Ethnic Minority Language Translation Project, and Encyclopedia Sinica (Uygur and Kazak editions). A group of excellent publications have won the Best Works Award, the China Government Award for Publishing, and other national awards.
广播电影电视事业发展迅速。2014年，新疆有广播电台5座，电视台8座，广播电视台92座，中、短波广播发射台和转播台66座。广播、电视人口覆盖率分别达96.48%、96.94%。新疆人民广播电台现有维吾尔、汉、哈萨克、蒙古、柯尔克孜5种语言的12套广播节目。新疆电视台现有维吾尔、汉、哈萨克、柯尔克孜4种语言的12套电视节目。新疆人民广播电台的节目全部通过“新疆新闻在线网”和“国际在线”网站向全球传播。新疆广播、电视先后在吉尔吉斯斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦、哈萨克斯坦、蒙古、土耳其等国家播出。新疆电视台是全国播出频道、语种最多的省级电视台，节目信号覆盖自治区、国内省会城市及香港、澳门特别行政区。近5年，新疆年均译制少数民族语言影视剧5500集左右，一批优秀广播、电影、电视作品获得“五个一工程奖”“中国新闻奖”“华表奖”等国家级奖项。
The radio, film and television industries are developing rapidly. By 2014, Xinjiang had five radio stations, eight TV stations, 92 radio and TV stations, and 66 medium and short-wave radio transmitter and relay stations. Some 96.5 percent of the local population had access to radio, and 96.9 percent to TV. Xinjiang People’s Broadcasting Station now provides 12 radio channels in five languages – Uygur, Han Chinese, Kazak, Mongolian and Kirgiz, and Xinjiang TV provides 12 TV channels in four languages – Uygur, Han Chinese, Kazak and Kirgiz. Radio programs from Xinjiang People’s Broadcasting Station are available to the world through Xinjiang News Online (http://www.xjbs.com.cn) and CRI Online (http://gb.cri.cn). Xinjiang’s radio and TV programs have been broadcast in Kirghizstan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and Turkey. Xinjiang TV is the provincial-level TV station boasting the largest number of channels and broadcasts in the largest number of languages in China; its program signal covers the whole of the region, the capital cities of all provinces and autonomous regions, plus the Hong Kong and Macau SARs. In the last five years, Xinjiang has dubbed an annual average 5,500 episodes of ethnic minority films and TV plays, and a number of fine films, radio and TV programs have won the Best Works Award, the China News Award and the China Huabiao Film Awards.
新媒体快速发展。目前，新疆登记网站有近1.7万家，网民数量达1140多万，互联网普及率近50%。2014年，自治区开通微信公众平台“最后一公里”，覆盖全国所有省市区和几十个国家地区，成为传播新疆声音、讨论新疆议题的公共话语重要平台。由自治区、地、县联合打造的“零距离”网络传播大平台构建了对外传播新体系。
New media is developing rapidly. Currently, Xinjiang has nearly 17,000 registered websites and 11.4 million netizens, and about 50 percent of the local population has access to the Internet. In 2014, the autonomous region opened a WeChat public account called “The Last Kilometer,” which covers all parts of China and dozens of other countries and regions. This has become an important public platform to spread the voice of Xinjiang and discuss issues in relation to Xinjiang. The autonomous region, the various subordinating prefectures and counties have jointly developed a “zero-distance” Internet communication platform, which constitutes a new system of international communications.
对外文化交流日趋活跃。先后派团赴美国、德国、日本、哈萨克斯坦、土耳其、利比亚等60多个国家和地区开展学术交流、文物展览、文艺演出。在土耳其、哈萨克斯坦、美国注册成立出版机构。中国新疆国际民族舞蹈节、中国－亚欧博览会“中外文化展示周”、中国新疆国际艺术双年展成为具有一定国际影响力的文化交流品牌。
Cultural exchanges with other countries are becoming increasingly lively. The autonomous region has sent delegations to more than 60 countries and regions, including the US, Germany, Japan, Kazakhstan, Turkey and Libya, to participate in academic exchanges, hold exhibitions of cultural relics and stage theatrical performances. Xinjiang has registered and founded publishing institutions in Turkey, Kazakhstan and the US. China Xinjiang International Ethnic Dance Festival, Chinese and Foreign Culture Week of China-Eurasia Expo, and China Xinjiang International Arts Biennale have become brand-name cultural exchange projects of considerable international influence.
体育事业不断发展。1955年，新疆有各类体育场地425个，到2014年，增加到2.6万余个。广泛开展全民健身运动，举办了13届自治区运动会、8届少数民族传统体育运动会，以及老年人运动会、残疾人运动会等。农村体育蓬勃发展，建设村级“农牧民体育健身工程”7726个，丰富有趣的体育比赛和健身活动深受广大农牧民的欢迎。截至2014年，共发掘、整理少数民族传统体育项目629个，维吾尔族传统体育项目“达瓦孜”享誉世界。
Sports have been promoted. Xinjiang had 425 sports venues of various types in 1955. By 2014, it had more than 26,000. The autonomous region encourages people to participate in the nationwide fitness campaign. It has held 13 Sports Meets of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, eight National Traditional Ethnic Minority Sports Meets, various sports meets for senior citizens, and Paralympic sporting events. Rural sports are thriving. Xinjiang has established 7,726 Farmers’ and Herders’ Sports and Fitness Projects at village level. These sports events and fitness activities have been much appreciated by the local farmers and herders. By 2014, the autonomous region had identified and revived 629 traditional ethnic minority sports. The Uygur traditional tightrope-walking activity known as Darwaz is of great repute around the world.
文化和体育产业发展态势良好。截至2014年，新疆建设国家级文化产业示范基地6家，自治区级、地级文化产业园区20个，自治区级文化产业示范基地76家。近年来，自治区努力探索体育职业化、市场化道路，引进、成立新疆天山雪豹足球、天山女子篮球等一批职业体育俱乐部。体育竞赛与表演市场日趋活跃，环塔拉力赛、CBA篮球职业联赛新疆区比赛保持较高市场化运作水平。培育以俱乐部为主体的体育健身市场和有特色的群众体育品牌，以国际露营大会、国际沙漠徒步赛、冰雪和航空体育运动为代表的体育休闲市场不断发展。
Cultural and sports industries have maintained a sound momentum of development. By 2014, Xinjiang had established six state-class cultural industry demonstration bases, 20 cultural industry parks (zones) at the autonomous regional and prefectural levels, and 76 cultural industry demonstration bases at the autonomous regional level. In recent years, the region has been proactively experimenting with the professionalization and commercialization of sports; a group of professional sports clubs have been introduced and established, including Xinjiang Tianshan Snow Leopard Football Club and Tianshan Women’s Basketball Club. Sports events and the market for sports performances are flourishing; Taklimakan Rally and CBA (Chinese Basketball Association) matches in Xinjiang have been commercial successes. Xinjiang has fostered a sports and fitness market supported by grassroots clubs, and promoted distinctive mass sports events. Continuous development has been seen in the sports leisure market, represented by the China International Camping Congress and the International Desert Hiking Contest, and featuring in particular winter sports and air sports.
