对外开放是经济发展的必由之路
China’s Economy: The Open Road to Development文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8905.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8905.html
孙卫东文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8905.html
Sun Weidong文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8905.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8905.html
2019年是中华人民共和国成立70周年。在过去70年里，中国经济发展取得了令世界惊叹的成就，成为世界第二大经济体。总结中国长期保持经济快速增长的经验，最重要之一是坚持开放。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8905.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8905.html
1979年改革开放的历史性决策，开启了中国对外开放波澜壮阔的进程。40年来，中国坚持打开国门搞建设，成功实现了从封闭半封闭到全方位开放的伟大转折。对外开放极大解放了中国的社会生产力，促进国内外要素资源自由流动、高效配置，促进中国积极融入全球价值链，推动经济持续快速发展。40年来，中国国内生产总值年均增长约9.5%，对外贸易额年均增长14.5%，实际利用外资累计2万多亿美元，对外直接投资增长40余倍，深度融入全球生产分工和价值链体系，开放型经济发展水平不断提升。中国不仅成为世界第二大经济体，还是第一大工业国、第一大外汇储备国、全球经济增长最大贡献者，也为后发国家发展探索出一条新道路。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8905.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8905.html
2019 marked the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Over the past 70 years, China has made amazing achievements in economic development and become the world’s second-largest economy. Its experience in maintaining high economic growth has been to persist in opening up. The historic decision of reform and opening up in 1978 started this process. In the past 40 years, China has pursued development with doors wide open, and made an impressive transition from being a largely closed society to one that’s open to the world in all respects. Opening up has greatly unleashed China’s productive forces, facilitated the free flow and efficient allocation of factors and resources at home and abroad, promoted China’s active integration into the global value chain, and pushed sustained and rapid economic development.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8905.html
During this period, China’s GDP has grown at an average annual rate of about 9.5%, and its foreign trade at 14.5%. The actual foreign capital utilisation is more than $2 trillion, with outbound direct investment growing more than 40 times. All the while, it has been deeply integrated into the global production and value chain system.
China is not only the world’s second largest economy, but also the largest industrial country, the largest foreign exchange reserve country, and the largest contributor to global economic growth. Meantime, China has also explored a new path for the development of late-developing countries.
开放带来进步，是后发经济体获得发展不可或缺的动力。中国40年改革开放的成就印证了这一点，亚洲其他一些经济体的发展路径也佐证了这一点。开放也是经贸合作的前提。中印两国市场规模巨大，产业结构互补，经济发展迅速，合作前景广阔，以开放态度促进双边贸易和投资，维护经贸合作平衡发展，是正确选择，也符合共同利益。
Openness brings progress, and is an indispensable impetus for emerging economies. China’s achievements in the last 40-odd years have confirmed this point, as have the development paths of some other Asian economies. Openness is also a prerequisite for international economic and trade cooperation.
China and India have huge markets, complementary industrial structures, rapid economic development and broad prospects for cooperation. To promote bilateral trade and investment, maintaining balanced development of economic and trade cooperation is the right choice for both sides, and serves common interests.
开放带来广泛机遇，也需面对很多挑战。如何应对这些挑战？中国经验是保持积极，正确认识，勇于改革，化危为机。中国对外开放40年来，特别是2001年加入WTO后，国内部分产业遭受很大冲击，但通过加快国内改革、改善营商环境和调整产业结构等，国内产业不仅挺了过来，竞争力还显著增强。应当看到，经济全球化是不可逆转的时代潮流，各国应抓住机遇，顺势而为，积极参与双多边贸易安排，主动融入国际价值链，敢于到世界市场的汪洋大海中去搏击，在游泳中学会游泳，历经风雨才能提升自身的国际竞争力。
Opening up, however, may also bring many challenges. The Chinese response has been to stay positive, gain correct understanding, dare to reform and turn crisis into opportunity. Over the past four decades, especially after China’s accession to the WTO in 2001, some domestic industries have suffered considerably. However, by accelerating domestic reforms, improving the business environment and adjusting the industrial structure, China’s domestic industries have not only survived but have also become more competitive globally.
Globalisation is an irreversible trend. Countries should seize the opportunity, follow the trend, actively participate in bilateral and multilateral trade arrangements, and integrate into the international value chain. One should learn to swim while swimming, and ride the tides in the vast ocean of the world markets. Only after going through storms can we improve our international competitiveness.
中国过去40年发展是在开放条件下取得的，未来中国经济高质量发展也将在更加开放条件下进行。习近平主席曾多次强调，“中国开放的大门不会关闭，只会越开越大。”当前，中国正继续加快扩大开放步伐，提高对外开放水平，大幅度放宽市场准入，全面放开制造业，创造更有吸引力的投资环境。我们欢迎各国企业积极开拓中国市场，也呼吁各国继续扩大本国市场开放。
China’s high-quality development can only be carried out under more open conditions. President Xi Jinping has repeatedly stressed that ‘China’s door to openness will not be closed, it will only open wider’. Today, China continues to accelerate this pace, substantially easing market access, fully liberalising manufacturing, and creating a more attractive investment environment. The country welcomes companies from all over the world to actively explore the booming Chinese market, and call on all countries to continue opening up their own markets.
近年来，经济全球化在曲折中前行，单边主义、保护主义愈演愈烈，多边主义和多边贸易体制受到严重冲击。我们认为，在世界经济经历深刻调整变革之时，各国只有继续保持开放，才能使不同国家相互受益、共同繁荣、持久发展。中国的发展离不开世界，世界的持续繁荣也需要中国。因此，中国坚持走开放融通、互利共赢之路，坚定维护多边贸易体制，坚决反对各种形式的保护主义，推进全球贸易投资自由化便利化，推进区域经济一体化，主张构建开放型世界经济。
Of late, though, unilateralism and protectionism have been on the rise, and multilateralism seriously impacted. As the world economy undergoes profound adjustments and changes, only by continuing to open up can countries benefit each other, achieve common prosperity and maintain sustainable development.
China’s development is inseparable from the world, and the world needs China for continued prosperity. It is firmly committed to openness, inclusiveness and mutual benefit, and firmly upholds the multilateral trading system, oppose protectionism of all forms, promote global trade and investment liberalisation and facilitation, promote regional economic integration, and advocate an open world economy.
坚持开放，是理念，更是行动，不仅体现于平常，也体现在困难时刻。当前，中国政府和人民正全力以赴同新冠肺炎疫情做斗争，采取了最全面、最严格的防控举措，各国政府和世界卫生组织都对此给予充分肯定。作为负责任国家，中国的努力不仅是在保护本国人民的健康，也是在维护包括印度在内的世界人民的健康。疫情终将过去，中国经济向好趋势也不会变。风物长宜放眼量。在这个特殊时刻，各国应保持冷静，加强合作，遵循世界卫生组织建议，保持进出口开放，尽快恢复贸易和人员正常往来，同舟共济，共克时艰，为更广更大范围的开放合作创造良好条件。
Openness is not only an idea, but also an action. It is reflected not only in ordinary but also in difficult times. At present, the Chinese government and people are making all-out efforts to combat the novel coronavirus (nCoV), and have taken comprehensive and rigorous prevention and control measures. As a responsible country, China’s efforts are not only protecting the health of its own people, but also that of the people of the world, including India. The epidemic will eventually end, and China’s positive economic trend will not change. It is important to take a long-term perspective. Countries should follow WHO recommendations, stay calm, strengthen cooperation, and keep imports and exports open. We should also resume and maintain trade and the movement of people, creating favourable conditions for greater openness and broader cooperation.
