四、疫情发展
IV. About COVID-19文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8952.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8952.html
1．新型冠状病毒文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8952.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8952.html
新型冠状病毒因2019年病毒性肺炎病例而被发现，是以前从未在人类中发现的冠状病毒新毒株。已知的冠状病毒可引起感冒或中东呼吸综合征（MERS）、严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）等不同程度的疾病。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8952.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8952.html
2020年2月8日，国家卫生健康委将新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎暂命名为新型冠状病毒肺炎（简称新冠肺炎），并于2月19日发布《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案（试行第六版）》，指出经呼吸道飞沫和密切接触传播是主要的传播途径，在相对封闭的环境中长时间暴露于高浓度气溶胶情况下中存在经气溶胶传播的可能；以发热、干咳、乏力为主要临床表现，潜伏期为1-14天。目前，针对新冠肺炎尚无可用疫苗。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8952.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8952.html
世界卫生组织1月12日将此种新病毒暂命名为“2019-nCoV”，并于2月11日将新冠肺炎正式命名为“COVID-19”，其中"CO"代表Corona（冠状），"VI"代表Virus（病毒），"D"代表Disease（疾病），"19"代表疾病发现的年份2019年。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8952.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8952.html
1. Novel Coronavirus
The novel coronavirus, first discovered with a viral pneumonia case in 2019, is a new strain of coronavirus that had never been found in humans before. The coronaviruses already known can cause cold or Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and other diseases of varying degrees.
On February 8, 2020, China’s National Health Commission temporarily named the pneumonia infected by the novel coronavirus as “novel coronavirus pneumonia” in Chinese. The commission issued the Guidelines on the Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment (Provisional 6th Edition) on February 19, pointing out that respiratory droplets and close unprotected contacts are the main routes of transmission, and that transmission through aerosols is possible in the case of long-term exposure to high concentration aerosols in a relatively closed environment. The main signs and symptoms of the infected people include fever, dry cough and fatigue, and the incubation period varies from 1 to 14 days. Currently there is no vaccine available against the disease.
The WHO temporarily named the new virus as “2019-nCoV” on January 12, and officially named the pneumonia infected by the virus “COVID-19” on February 11. “CO” stands for corona, “VI” for virus, “D” for disease, and “19” for the year 2019 in which the disease was first discovered.
2．人传人
自2019年12月31日“不明原因肺炎”由武汉卫生健康委公开披露以来，病毒是否人传人一直没有明确答案。2020年1月20日，新冠肺炎疫情科研攻关专家组组长、国家卫生健康委高级别专家组组长钟南山院士在接受采访时明确表示，此次新冠肺炎存在人传人的现象。这一科学判断让大众对于新冠肺炎疫情有了更深刻、更清晰的认知。自此，全国各地开始采取严格的防控措施。1月21日，世界卫生组织称，最新报告的感染信息表明，可能存在持续人传人。2月18日，钟南山院士在接受采访时提出，为有效阻止病毒人传人，迫切需要解决两个问题：一是正常人和病人分开，二是新冠肺炎病人和流感病人分开。
2. Human-to-Human Transmission
After the disclosure of “pneumonia caused by unknown reasons” by Wuhan Municipal Health Commission on December 31, 2019, there had been no clear answer to whether the virus could be transmitted from human to human until January 20, 2020. On that day Academician Zhong Nanshan, who heads China’s COVID-19 Expert Team and the High-level Expert Group of the NHC, made it clear in an interview that there was a phenomenon of human-to-human transmission for the novel coronavirus. This scientific judgment has given the public a deeper and clearer understanding of the disease. Since then, strict prevention and control measures have been enforced throughout the country.
On January 21, the WHO stated that the latest reported infection information suggested persistent human-to-human transmission. In an interview on February 18, Zhong Nanshan pointed out that to effectively stop human-to-human transmission of the virus, there must be separation of healthy people from the infected, and separation of COVID-19 patients from flu patients.
3．国际关注的突发公共卫生事件
2020年1月30日，世界卫生组织总干事谭德塞在日内瓦召开新闻发布会，宣布新冠病毒疫情为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件。《国际卫生条例（2005）》规定，国际关注的突发公共卫生事件是指通过疾病的国际传播构成对其它国家的公共卫生风险并可能需要采取协调一致的国际应对措施的不同寻常的事件。在某种疫情被宣布为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件后，各成员国均负有作出迅速反应的法律责任。
谭德塞表示，为中国领导层和中国人民抗击疫情的决心感到震撼，中国采取了超常规的有力措施，在很多方面为应对疫情作出了榜样。他十分赞赏中国在应对疫情方面展现出的高透明度，强调世卫组织相信中国的疫情一定能够得到遏制，不赞成甚至反对对中国采取旅行或贸易禁令。
自《国际卫生条例（2005）》生效以来，世界卫生组织共宣布了六次国际关注的突发公共卫生事件：2009年甲型H1N1流感疫情，2014年埃博拉疫情，2014年野生型脊髓灰质炎疫情，2016年寨卡病毒疫情，2019年埃博拉疫情和2020年新冠肺炎疫情。
3. Public Health Emergency of International Concern
On January 30, 2020, WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus declared in Geneva the novel coronavirus outbreak a “public health emergency of international concern.”
According to the International Health Regulations (IHR) (2005), a public health emergency of international concern is an unusual event that poses public health risk to other countries through international spread of the disease and may require a coordinated international response. After an epidemic has been declared a public health emergency of international concern, member states of the WHO all have the legal responsibility to respond quickly.
Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said that he was impressed by the mobilization of the Chinese leadership and the Chinese people to fight against the epidemic, noting that China has taken extraordinary measures to contain the outbreak and is actually setting a new standard for outbreak response. He highly appreciated China’s commitment to transparency and to protecting the world’s people, and stressed that the WHO believed that China’s epidemic could be contained and doesn’t recommend and actually opposes any restrictions for travel and trade or other measures against China.
Since the entry into force of the IHR (2005), the WHO has announced six public health emergencies of international concern: the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, the 2014 Ebola epidemic, the 2014 wild poliovirus epidemic, the 2016 Zika virus epidemic, the 2019 Ebola epidemic, and the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic.
五、国际援助
V. International Aid
1．国际社会积极合作与援助
习近平在2月23日召开的统筹推进新冠肺炎疫情防控和经济社会发展工作部署会议上强调，公共卫生安全是人类面临的共同挑战，需要各国携手应对。
新冠肺炎疫情发生后，习近平会见了世界卫生组织总干事谭德塞和来华访问的柬埔寨首相洪森、蒙古国总统巴特图勒嘎，以通电话的形式同法国、德国、沙特阿拉伯、美国、印度尼西亚、卡塔尔、马来西亚、英国、韩国、巴基斯坦、阿联酋、埃塞俄比亚、智利、古巴等十余个国家领导人密切沟通，赞赏外方支持援助，介绍中国防控情况，传递中国发展信心，并就加强国际合作、推动双边关系发展深入交流。
截至2月底，全球170多个国家领导人和40多个国际和地区组织负责人或致函致电，或发表声明，对中国表示慰问支持；联合国、上海合作组织、金砖国家、东盟、非盟、阿盟、拉共体、七十七国集团等重要国际组织专门发表声明，表达对中国抗疫行动的信心与支持；各国政要纷纷公开发声，为武汉加油、为中国加油；50多个国家和国际组织积极捐赠财物，提供实际帮助。国际社会给予了中国宝贵的精神支持和物质援助，汇聚起患难与共、携手抗疫的广泛共识，各国人民同中国人民的友情在共同抗击疫情中得到了升华。
在这一过程中，中国用实实在在的行动赢得了世界的普遍认同和赞誉，生动践行了构建人类命运共同体的庄严承诺，彰显了负责任大国形象，为全球公共卫生事业作出了重要贡献。国际社会普遍认为中国采取了坚决有力的防控措施，展现出的领导能力、应对能力、组织动员能力、贯彻执行能力令人赞叹，为世界各国抗击疫情树立了典范，为国际社会应对传染病危机、推进全球公共卫生治理积累了有益经验，提供了重要借鉴。在全面有力防控疫情的同时，中国还积极主动同世卫组织和国际社会开展合作、交流信息，特别是迅速分享部分毒株全基因组序列，研制成功快速检测试剂盒等举措，不仅是对中国人民生命安全和身体健康高度负责，也是对全球防控疫情的重大利好。联合国秘书长古特雷斯表示，中国为抗击新冠肺炎疫情并避免其蔓延付出了巨大牺牲，为全人类作出了贡献。国际权威专业期刊指出，中国为国际科学界加入抗疫战斗铺平了道路，为科研合作的全球动员奠定了基础。
要战胜关乎各国人民安危的疫病，团结合作是最有力的武器。面对疫情发展，提高重大传染性疾病全球治理水平，增强国际协调能力是当务之急。只有各国都担负起道义和责任，才能在全球范围夺取抗疫斗争的最终胜利。
1. Cooperation of and Aid from the International Community
At the meeting held on February 23 on coordinating epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development, Xi Jinping noted that public health security is a common challenge to human beings as a whole, and all countries need to join hands to deal with it.
After the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, Xi Jinping has met with visiting WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen, and Mongolian President Khaltmaa Battulga. He has also communicated on the phone with the leaders of France, Germany, Saudi Arabia, the United States, Indonesia, Qatar, Malaysia, the United Kingdom, the Republic of Korea, Pakistan, the United Arab Emirates, Ethiopia, Chile and Cuba. Xi expressed appreciation for their support and aid, introduced China’s progress in virus combat and confidence in development, and exchanged views with these leaders on promoting international cooperation and advancing bilateral ties.
By the end of February, more than 170 state leaders and over 40 heads of international and regional organizations had sent written or oral messages, or issued statements to express sympathy and support for China. International organizations including the United Nations, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the BRICS, the ASEAN, the AU, the League of Arab States, the Latin American Community, and the Group of 77 have expressed their confidence and support for China’s action against the virus. Many influential politicians around the world have publicly voiced encouragement and support to Wuhan and China, while more than 50 countries and international organizations have made donations and provided solid assistance to China.
The international community has given China valuable spiritual support and material assistance, building broad consensus on facing difficulties and fighting epidemic together. And the friendship between foreign people and the Chinese people has been significantly promoted in the battle against COVID-19.
During the process of fighting epidemic, China has won universal recognition and praise for its rapid and decisive actions. It has fulfilled its commitment of building a global community of shared future, demonstrated the image of a responsible major country, and made significant contributions to the global public health. The international community widely recognizes China’s determined and effective prevention and control measures and is impressed by its extraordinary abilities in leading and mobilizing the Chinese people to respond to the outbreak, which has set a good example for the global epidemic prevention. Its experience in dealing with infectious disease and advancing global governance on public health provides an important reference for the international community.
While fighting the epidemic in an all-round way, China has actively and voluntarily cooperated with and shared information with the WHO and the international community, swiftly shared the genome sequence of some strains, and successfully developed rapid testing kits. These moves indicate that China not only shoulders responsibilities for the Chinese people’s life and health, but also brings a major benefit to global epidemic prevention and control. UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said that China has made great sacrifices to fight the epidemic and prevent the virus from spreading to others, and has made contributions to humanity. Some international authoritative professional journals point out that China has paved the way for the international scientific community to join the fight against epidemic and laid the foundation for global mobilization of scientific research cooperation.
To prevail over a disease that threatens all, unity and cooperation is the most powerful weapon. In the face of the epidemic, improving global governance on major infectious diseases and promoting international ordination is the high priority. Only when each country assumes its morality and responsibility, can we finally win the victory of the global fight against the epidemic.
2．世界卫生组织大力支持和帮助
新冠肺炎疫情发生以来，世界卫生组织高度关注，不仅对中国疫情防控工作给予理解、支持和肯定，还积极同中国展开合作，全力帮助中国抗击疫情。
2020年1月28日，世界卫生组织总干事谭德塞访问中国，考察新冠肺炎疫情。2月10日，由加拿大流行病学专家和应急专家布鲁斯-艾尔沃德率领的世卫组织国际专家组首批成员抵达中国，与中国同行一起工作。2月16日，中国—世界卫生组织新型冠状病毒肺炎联合专家考察组正式开展工作，分别前往北京市、广东省、四川省和湖北省开展现场调研，了解疫情形势和救治情况，学习中国防控经验，开展技术交流，深化互信合作。2月24日，联合专家考察组在北京举行新闻发布会，外方组长布鲁斯-艾尔沃德指出，中国采取了前所未有的公共卫生应对措施，在阻断病毒人际传播、减缓疫情扩散蔓延方面取得明显效果，已经避免或推迟了至少数十万新冠肺炎病例。中国正在采取谨慎、分阶段、有序的方式，逐步恢复社会、经济、教育和医疗等各部门的正常秩序，其他国家应迅速重新评估对中国采取的措施。他表示，世界需要学习中国的经验，要认识到武汉人民所做出的贡献，世界亏欠他们，当这场疫情过去的时候，希望有机会能代表世界再一次感谢武汉人民。
针对疫情期间一些别有用心的假消息、污名化言行，世卫组织坚持以科学和事实为依据作出判断，努力沟通协调主流信息渠道，积极澄清真相，不断呼吁各方坚持真理、抵制谣言、保持信心、加强合作，确保民众得到权威信息。据世卫组织部分合作专家提供的数据模型显示，中国采取的控制人员流动等措施让中国境内的疫情传播速度延缓了两到三天，让中国境外的疫情传播速度延缓了两到三周。世卫组织积极评价并充分肯定中国抗击疫情的努力，总干事谭德塞表示，中方行动之快、规模之大，世所罕见；这是中国制度的优势，有关经验值得其他国家借鉴；中国所采取的大规模防控行动为世界争取了时间，让世界更加安全。此外，包括谭德塞、艾尔沃德在内的世卫组织官员和专家还多次表达了对中国医护人员的肯定、敬意和感谢。
2. Strong WHO Support and Assistance
Since the onset of the COVID-19 outbreak, the WHO has been highly concerned with the epidemic. It has not only given understanding, support and affirmation to China’s prevention and control efforts, but also fully cooperated with China on the fight against the epidemic.
WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus visited China on January 28 to investigate the COVID-19 epidemic. An advance team of WHO international experts led by Canadian epidemiologist and emergency expert Dr. Bruce Aylward arrived in China on February 10 to work with their Chinese counterparts.
On February 16, the WHO-China Joint Mission on COVID-19 began to work by visiting Beijing and the provinces of Guangdong, Sichuan and Hubei respectively. After conducting filed investigation, asking about epidemic and treatment situation, and learning from Chinese experience in epidemic prevention and control, they carried out technical exchanges and deepened mutual trust and cooperation.
At the press conference the joint team held in Beijing on February 24, Dr. Bruce Aylward noted that China’s unprecedented public health responses to the COVID-19 outbreak have yielded notable results in controlling human-to-human transmission of the virus, and “averted and probably prevented at least tens of thousands even hundreds of thousands, of cases.” China is taking prudent, phased and orderly steps to gradually restore order in social, economic, education and healthcare sectors, and other countries should swiftly reassess the measures taken toward China. He also said the world needs to learn from China’s experience and recognize what the people of Wuhan have done to the world, and the world is in their debt. With the disease finishes, he said, he hopes he has the chance to thank the people of Wuhan on behalf of the world again.
In response to the fake news and stigmatization emerging amid the epidemic, the WHO has made judges based on science and evidence, tried to communicate with and coordinate mainstream information channels, actively clarified the actual situations, constantly called for all parties to stick to the truth, boycott rumors, maintain confidence and strengthen cooperation, and ensured the public have access to authoritative information.
Statistics models provided by some WHO experts showed that China’s measures on movement restriction have delayed the dissemination of the outbreak two or three days within China and two or three weeks outside China.
The WHO has spoken positively of and fully affirmed China’s efforts to contain the novel coronavirus. Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said the quick speed and massive scale of China’s response to coronavirus is rarely seen in the world and shows the advantages of China’s system. He called for other countries to emulate China’s experience. China’s large-scale prevention and control action has brought time for the world and made the world safer. Moreover, WHO officials and experts including Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus and Bruce Aylward have expressed commendation, respect and appreciation to China’s medical professionals on many occasions.
3．日本：山川异域，风月同天
国际社会对中国抗击新冠肺炎疫情给予了极大的理解和支持，日本作为一衣带水、守望相助的友好邻邦，第一时间以官民一体、文道合一的物资援助和舆论支持，为中国政府和人民带来了鼓励与温情。
1月29日，日本汉语教学考试机构HSK事务局在捐赠湖北的物资贴纸上，写下“山川异域，风月同天”的诗意留言，寓意中日两国虽然山川各异，然而却能同沐清风、共赏明月。日本前首相鸠山由纪夫在为武汉加油的视频中，也提到了这句话。诗意的留言拉近并温暖了两国民众的心，唤起了中日文化交流源远流长的美好记忆。“山川异域，风月同天”的作者是一千多年前日本政界的重量级人物长屋亲王。其执政时，日本频繁派出遣唐使来中国学习佛法与先进文化。长屋亲王命人制作千件绣着“山川异域，风月同天；寄诸佛子，共结来缘”偈语的袈裟，随遣唐使带给中国的高僧。鉴真大师为偈语所感动，不畏艰险前往日本弘扬佛法，为中日友好交流播下了种子。
“投我以木桃，报之以琼瑶”。2月中下旬，随着日本新冠肺炎确诊病例持续增加，中国无偿提供新冠病毒核酸检测试剂，进一步同日方分享信息经验，体现了两国命运与共、密切协作，维护地区和世界公共卫生安全的积极姿态。
3. Japan: Miles Apart, but Close at Heart.
The international community has given great understanding and support to China in its fight against the COVID-19 epidemic. Japan and China are neighbors that always offer mutual assistance in times of hardship. The Japanese government and the Japanese people took immediate action to provide aid materials and voice support, bringing encouragement and warmth to the Chinese government and the Chinese people.
“Miles apart, but close at heart.” This was a two-line poem written in Chinese by the Japanese HSK Bureau on the boxes of supplies it donated to China in its fight against the novel coronavirus. As the poem describes, while mountains and rivers separate China and Japan, the two countries enjoy the same moonlight under the same sky. Also quoted by former Japanese Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama in a video message sent to show his support to Wuhan, the poem has brought the people of the two countries closer, and has evoked a significant moment in the history of cultural exchanges between China and Japan.
The poem was composed by Prince Nagaya of Japan more than 1,000 years ago. During his reign, Japan often sent ambassadors to China to learn Buddhism and Chinese culture. The hymn was embroidered on 1,000 Buddhist robes that Prince Nagaya sent to the Chinese monks. Moved by the Prince’s hymn, Jianzhen (688-763), the renowned Buddhist master and traveler of the Tang Dynasty (618-907), decided to go on a voyage to Japan despite hardship, promoting friendly exchanges between the two countries.
As an old Chinese saying goes, “You toss me a peach, I give you a white jade in return.” In mid-to-late February, as confirmed patients increased in Japan, China donated a batch of COVID-19 nucleic acid testing kits to Japan and strengthened information sharing. These benign interactions demonstrate that the two countries share an inextricably linked destiny and cooperate to protect regional and international public health security.
4．科摩罗：千里送鹅毛，礼轻情意重
在中国合力抗击新冠肺炎疫情之际，非洲岛国科摩罗的科中友好协会向中国捐助100欧元，用于支持中国人民的抗疫行动。在海外社交媒体平台上，中国驻科摩罗大使何彦军手拿两张50欧元面值的钞票，与科摩罗中国友好协会主席穆萨合影的照片，在短时间内引来大量点赞、转发。中国民众纷纷表示，“千里送鹅毛，礼轻情意重”。
科摩罗是个典型的农渔业国家，大量粮食和生活用品需要进口，普通工人日薪低于10元，45%人口处于极端贫困中，是联合国公认的世界最不发达国家之一。中国是第一个承认科摩罗独立并同其建交的国家。据了解，科摩罗的科中友好协会最初打算向中方赠送一箱口罩，但他们找遍了当地超市和药店也没有买到，所以决定募捐“100欧元”，以这一象征性的金额表达对中国人民防疫斗争的支持。根据2020年2月汇率换算，100欧元约合人民币760.41元，金额虽不大，但却相当于当地普通人1至2个月的收入。
“唯以心相交，方能成其久远”，科摩罗的善举收获中国社情民意的背后，是中国与非洲国家以自己的处事哲学和行为方式向世界展示的文明之“礼”。
4. Comoros: It Is the Kindness That Counts.
The Comoros-China Friendship Association of Comoros, which is an island nation in the Indian Ocean, donated 100 euros to support China’s efforts in dealing with the epidemic. The picture of He Yanjun, Chinese ambassador to Comoros, holding two 50-euro notes beside Moussa, chairman of the association, received a lot of “likes” and “forward” on the overseas social media. The Chinese people believe it is the kindness that counts.
As a country that bases its economy on agriculture and fishery, Comoros relies heavily on imports of grains and daily necessities. It is considered one of the least developed countries by the United Nations, as the ordinary workers in the country earn less than 10 yuan a day, and 45% of its population live in extreme poverty. China was the first country to recognize the independence of Comoros and established diplomatic relations with the country.
The association originally intended to donate a box of facemasks, but did not get any in local supermarkets and pharmacies, so they decided to donate 100 euros instead, as a symbolic gesture to show their support to China in the fight against the epidemic. One hundred euros was equivalent to 760.41 yuan at the exchange rate in February 2020. It was equivalent to the earnings of an ordinary worker in Comoros in two months.
As an old Chinese saying goes, “Only heart-to-heart exchanges can last long.” Comoros’ kindness has won the hearts of the Chinese people, as it demonstrates that both China and the African country have shown their politeness to the world through their philosophies of life and conduct.
5．巴铁信任值千金
中国和巴基斯坦是全天候战略合作伙伴，素有互帮互助的优良传统。新冠肺炎疫情发生后，巴基斯坦第一时间发声向中方表达支持，克服困难提供宝贵物资捐助，保持两国一切正常往来，以实际行动给予中国信任和支持。
2月10日，巴基斯坦国民议会和参议院分别通过决议，对中国抗击新冠病毒肺炎疫情表示支持。决议感谢中国政府为抗击疫情、保护巴基斯坦在华学生采取的措施，表示愿同中国展开全面合作。2月21日，巴基斯坦总理伊姆兰·汗专门致电习近平主席，表达慰问和支持，同时表示，由于中方的有效防控，疫情并未在世界蔓延，整个世界都应感谢并赞赏中方应对疫情的努力和成效，没有任何国家可以比中国做得更好。习近平强调，中巴两国是患难与共的真朋友、同甘共苦的好兄弟，中国将像对待本国公民一样，照顾好在华巴基斯坦兄弟姐妹。
据悉，巴基斯坦先后两次动用全国医院库存资源，向中国捐赠医用口罩、防护服、手套等医疗物资，巴基斯坦籍留学生、客商等也纷纷捐款捐物，支援中国人民抗击疫情，展示出中巴两国人民患难与共的真情，证明了中巴是同舟共济、守望相助的命运共同体。
5. The Trust of “Iron Pak” Is Worth More Than Gold.
China and Pakistan are all-whether strategic cooperative partners who enjoy a tradition of mutual assistance. After the outbreak of the novel coronavirus, Pakistan immediately voiced solidarity with China, offering donations and assistance despite its own difficulties, and maintaining all bilateral regular exchanges. It has made solid moves to show trust and support to China.
On February 10, the Pakistani Parliament and Senate separately passed a resolution to support China in its fight against the epidemic. The resolutions extended appreciation to the Chinese government for protecting Pakistani students studying in China amid the epidemic, and expressed willingness to fully cooperate with China.
On February 21, Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan called Chinese President Xi Jinping to express sympathy and support. Because of China’s effective prevention and control efforts, the COVID-19 has not spread around the world, he said, adding that the whole world should commend and appreciate China’s efforts and achievements in containing the virus, and no other country can do better than China. Xi emphasized that China and Pakistan are true friends and good brothers who share weal and woe, and China will take good care of Pakistani brothers and sisters in China the same way as its own citizens.
According to media reports, Pakistan tapped into its national hospital reserves to donate medical materials, including medical masks, protective suits and gloves, to China. Pakistani students and merchants in China have also donated money and goods to support China’s fight against the epidemic. All these acts of kindness have shown the two countries’ true brotherhood and proved that China and Pakistan, as members of a community with a shared future, always stand together and help each other in difficult and odd times.
六、人物案例
VI. Brave Fighters
1．钟南山：新冠肺炎疫情科研攻关专家组组长
钟南山，中国国家呼吸系统疾病临床医学研究中心主任，中国工程院院士，中国防治呼吸道传染病的领军人。2003年，面对非典疫情，钟南山带领课题组在全世界率先探索出了一套富有明显疗效的防治经验，最早制定出《非典型肺炎临床诊断标准》，被世界卫生组织专家组认为对全世界抗击非典型肺炎具有指导意义。他所在的广东成为全球非典病人治愈率最高、死亡率最低的地区之一。
2020年新冠肺炎疫情爆发，84岁的钟南山再度“出山”，出任新冠肺炎疫情联防联控工作机制科研攻关专家组组长、国家卫生健康委高级别专家组组长。在赴武汉进行调研考察后，他接受电视采访，指出新冠病毒存在人传人的现象。疫情期间，钟南山向公众普及新冠病毒信息、疫情防控情况、药物研发进展，带领团队重点攻关重症、危重症和疑难病人诊治，被普遍赞誉为“全民偶像”“国士无双”。
1. Zhong Nanshan, Head of China’s COVID-19 Expert Team
Zhong Nanshan is director of the National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and a leading Chinese expert in preventing and treating respiratory infectious diseases.
During the outbreak of SARS in 2003, Zhong led a group of scientists to explore effective prevention and treatment measures. His team was the first to formulate a set of standards for clinical diagnosis of SARS, which was recognized by the WHO experts as significantly valuable for the global combat against SARS. Guangdong province, where Zhong worked, was one of the SARS-hit areas with the highest cure rate and the lowest mortality rate in the world.
When the novel coronavirus epidemic broke out in early 2020, the 84-year-old Zhong returned to the battlefield and was appointed to head both China’s COVID-19 Expert Team and the High-level Expert Group of the NHC. After his field trip to Wuhan, he warned in a TV interview that there was a phenomenon of human-to-human transmission for the novel coronavirus. During the outbreak, Zhong educated the public about the virus, updated them on the trend of the epidemic as well as relative drug R&D. He also led his team to focus on curing severe cases, critically ill cases and cases with complex diseases. He is hailed by the Chinese people as a “national idol” and a “one-of-a-kind talent.”
2．李兰娟：国家传染病重点学科带头人
李兰娟，中国传染病学专家，国家卫生健康委高级别专家组成员，中国工程院院士。曾承担SARS、手足口病、地震灾后防疫、甲型H1N1等传染病诊治研究任务，尤其在防控人感染H7N9禽流感救治研究中取得众多原创性成果，为中国传染病诊治做出了重大贡献。
在新冠肺炎疫情蔓延之际， 73岁的李兰娟率医疗队抵达武汉。在收治危重患者的定点医院，李兰娟不分昼夜地工作，向公众普及病毒知识、与医护人员商讨诊疗方案，每天只睡3个小时。在到达武汉后的第3天，李兰娟院士团队发布了重大研究成果，称阿比朵尔、达芦那韦两款药物能够有效抑制新型冠状病毒。随后，阿比朵尔列入《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案（试行第六版）》。
2. Li Lanjuan: Pioneer of Epidemiology
Li Lanjuan is a Chinese epidemiologist, a member of the High-level Expert Group of the NHC, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. She has undertaken the tasks of diagnosis, treatment and research for infectious diseases such as the SARS, the hand-foot-and-mouth disease, post-quake epidemics and the H1N1 flu virus. She has made many groundbreaking achievements in the prevention and control of the H7N9 flu virus, and has contributed greatly to the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases in China.
Amid the outbreak of the novel coronavirus, the 73-year-old Li Lanjuan led a medical team to Wuhan and worked day and night at the designated hospitals for treating severe cases. She educated the public about the virus, discussed the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment with other medical workers, and slept only three hours a day.
Three days after arriving in Wuhan, Li’s team announced an important research achievement, indicating that Arbidol and Darunavir could effectively curb the virus. Arbidol was later added in the Guidelines on the Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment (Provisional 6th Edition).
3．刘智明：因患新冠肺炎不幸殉职的武昌医院院长
刘智明，武汉市武昌医院院长。1月21日，武昌医院将被紧急改造为第一批收治新冠肺炎患者的定点医院。自此，刘智明一直坚持在一线指导临床工作，吃住都在医院。1月24日，武昌医院开始大规模收治病人，刘智明也因在救治工作中感染，被确诊为新冠肺炎患者。在住进重症隔离病房后，刘智明依然每天询问病人收治情况、安排医院工作，直至生命最后一刻。
2月18日，刘智明去世，享年51岁。他是新冠病毒肺炎疫情期间首位殉职的医院院长。世界卫生组织总干事谭德塞在向刘智明的去世表示哀悼时说：“刘智明医生的去世是巨大的损失，他在疫情期间挽救了无数生命。”截至2月22日，共有400多名重症患者从武昌医院治愈出院。
3. Liu Zhiming: Hospital Chief Who Died of COVID-19
Liu Zhiming was president of Wuchang Hospital in Wuhan. On January 21, his hospital was urgently turned into a designated hospital for treating patients infected with the novel coronavirus. Since then, Liu had stuck to his post and kept working on the front line without a single day away from the hospital. On January 24, large numbers of confirmed cases were admitted to the hospital, and Liu was unfortunately diagnosed with the coronavirus. While being treated in the isolation ward, Liu still inquired about the patients every day and kept working until the end of his life.
Liu passed away at the age of 51 on February 18. He was the first hospital chief to die of the virus. WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus mourned the passing of Liu, saying that he had touched and saved numerous lives in the COVID-19 outbreak. By February 22, more than 400 severe cases had been cured and discharged from Wuchang Hospital.
