三、依照法定职责围绕重大改革发展任务推进监督工作
III. We advanced oversight work in line with our legally prescribed duties and with a focus on major tasks in reform and development. 文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9308.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9308.html
坚持正确监督、有效监督，聚焦行政权、监察权、审判权、检察权的依法正确行使，关注老百姓牵肠挂肚的急事难事，让改革发展成果更多更公平惠及全体人民，更好助力经济社会发展和改革攻坚任务。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9308.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9308.html
We continued to exercise proper and effective oversight, put focus on ensuring that administrative, supervisory, judicial, and procuratorial powers are exercised properly and in accordance with the law, and laid emphasis on urgent problems of immediate concern to the people, with a view to seeing that the people share more fully and fairly in the fruits of reform and development, better promoting economic and social development, and aiding the advancement of reform tasks.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9308.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9308.html
依法开展计划和预算监督工作。听取审议国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况、预算执行情况的报告，围绕落实主要指标、重点任务和提高资金使用绩效等提出意见建议300多条，助力打好三大攻坚战和做好“六稳”工作。听取审议2018年度中央预算执行和其他财政收支的审计工作报告、审计查出问题整改情况的报告，督促有关部门严格执行财经法律法规、深入整改问题。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9308.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9308.html
We conducted law-based oversight on the plans and budgets of the government. We heard and deliberated reports on the implementation of the plan for national economic and social development and on budget execution, and put forward more than 300 comments and suggestions on meeting major targets, fulfilling key tasks, and ensuring more effective use of funds in order to facilitate progress in the three critical battles against poverty, pollution, and potential risks and in efforts to stabilize employment, the financial sector, foreign trade, foreign investment, domestic investment, and expectations. We heard and deliberated reports on the auditing of the execution of central government budgets and other items of revenue and expenditure and on the rectification of problems discovered through audit in 2018, and urged relevant departments to strictly abide by financial and economic laws and regulations and thoroughly rectify any relevant problems.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9308.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9308.html
推进人大预算审查监督重点向支出预算和政策拓展，加强国有资产管理监督，是党中央赋予人大的两项重要职责。常委会按照“全口径审查、全过程监管”的要求，制定关于进一步加强各级人大常委会对审计查出突出问题整改情况监督的意见，推动党中央决策部署在预算编制和预算执行中贯彻落实。聚焦财政政策实施、部门预算执行、转移支付下达、地方政府债券发行使用、污染防治政策措施及财政资金安排情况等重点，持续进行跟踪监督，共组织25次专项调研，听取35次汇报，开展4次专题审议，审查9项专项资金，进一步加强了对财政资金使用绩效和政策实施效果的审查监督。推动地方人大落实预算审查监督重点向支出预算和政策拓展的改革举措，所有省（区、市）都制定了实施意见。按照全面规范、公开透明、监督有力的目标，制定国有资产管理监督五年规划，审议2018年度国有资产管理情况综合报告和全国行政事业性国有资产管理情况专项报告，推进国有资产管理监督深化拓展、提质增效。推动地方将国有资产管理情况报告制度延伸到设区的市和自治州。
Expanding the focus of budget review and oversight of people’s congresses to cover expenditure budgets and policies and enhancing oversight over the management of state-owned assets are two important tasks that the CPC Central Committee has entrusted to people’s congresses. In line with the requirement to ensure exhaustive review and exercise oversight at all stages, the Standing Committee formulated guidelines for further strengthening oversight by the standing committees of people’s congresses at all levels on the rectification of prominent problems discovered through audit so as to promote the thorough implementation of the CPC Central Committee’s decisions and plans in the compilation and execution of budgets. Focusing on key issues such as the implementation of fiscal policies, the execution of departmental budgets, the availability of transfer payments, the issuance and use of local government bonds, the enforcement of policies and measures for pollution prevention and control, and the allocation of government funds, we conducted follow-up oversight by organizing 25 research projects, hearing 35 summary reports, holding 4 special deliberation meetings, and carrying out inspection over 9 special funds. We thus stepped up inspection and oversight on how efficiently government funds are used and how effectively policies are implemented. We pushed local people’s congresses to implement reform measures to expand the focus of their budget review and oversight to cover expenditure budgets and policies, with all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government formulating guidelines on the implementation of these measures. In line with the goal of conducting comprehensive, standardized, open, transparent, and effective oversight, we formulated a five-year plan for overseeing the management of state-owned assets, and deliberated a comprehensive report on the management of state-owned assets and a special report on the management of state-owned assets of government administrative offices and public institutions in 2018, with a view to enhancing the depth, breadth, quality, and efficiency of oversight on the management of state-owned assets. We also encouraged local governments to extend the system for reporting on the management of state-owned assets to cities with subsidiary districts and autonomous prefectures.
扎实做好专项工作监督。听取审议国务院关于医师队伍管理和执业医师法实施、学前教育事业改革和发展、推进社会救助工作、乡村产业发展、农村集体产权制度改革、文化产业发展、加快外贸转型升级、减税降费、财政生态环保资金分配和使用、2018年度和2019年度环境状况和环境保护目标完成情况等11个专项工作报告，推动解决涉及人民群众切身利益的突出问题，助力供给侧结构性改革和经济高质量发展。开展脱贫攻坚、民族地区兴边富民行动、防范化解系统性金融风险、应对人口老龄化、养老保险基金管理与改革、国家安全法实施、监察体制改革和监察法实施等7项专题调研，提出加强和改进工作的建议。
We took solid steps to conduct effective oversight on special topics. We heard and deliberated 11 work reports by the State Council regarding special topics, including management of physicians and implementation of the Practicing Physicians Law, reform and development of preschool education, promotion of social assistance, development of rural industries, reform of the rural collective property rights system, development of cultural industries, acceleration of the transformation and upgrading of foreign trade, reduction of taxes and fees, allocation and use of government funds for ecological conservation and environmental protection, and the state of the environment and fulfillment of environmental protection targets in 2018 and 2019. On this basis, we facilitated efforts to resolve prominent issues of immediate concern to the people, and promoted supply-side structural reform and high-quality economic development. We conducted research on 7 special initiatives, namely those for combatting poverty, invigorating border regions inhabited by ethnic minorities and benefitting the people living there, forestalling and defusing systemic financial risks, responding to the challenge of population aging, managing and reforming old-age insurance funds, implementing the National Security Law, and reforming the supervision system and implementing the Supervision Law, and put forward suggestions for enhancing and improving relevant work.
加强司法工作监督。继2018年听取审议关于人民法院解决“执行难”工作情况的报告后，2019年加强跟踪监督，专门听取审议关于常委会组成人员审议意见办理情况的报告，巩固基本解决“执行难”成果。听取审议关于加强刑事审判工作情况的报告，促进以审判为中心的刑事诉讼制度改革。听取审议关于开展公益诉讼检察工作情况的报告并进行专题询问，推动检察机关履行好维护国家和社会公共利益的法定职责。
We strengthened oversight over judicial work. After hearing and deliberating the report on the work of people’s courts to ensure enforcement of rulings in 2018, we strengthened follow-up oversight in 2019 by hearing and deliberating the report on the handling of related comments of Standing Committee members, thus consolidating the progress that has been made in generally resolving difficulties in the enforcement of court rulings. We heard and deliberated the report on enhancing criminal trials in order to promote reform of the criminal procedure system with a focus on court proceedings. We heard and deliberated a report on the public interest litigation work of procuratorates and carried out a special inquiry on this topic in order to ensure that procuratorial organs effectively fulfill their legally prescribed duties to safeguard national interests and the interests of the public.
遵照法律规定开展执法检查。完善执法检查工作机制和方式方法，逐条对照法律规定进行检查，推动有关方面严格落实法律制度和法定职责。检查中小企业促进法、水污染防治法、高等教育法、就业促进法、可再生能源法、渔业法等6部法律的实施情况，结合审议中小企业促进法、水污染防治法执法检查报告开展2次专题询问。在水污染防治法等4项执法检查中，引入第三方评估，提高检查的科学性、客观性、权威性。积极探索评价法律实施情况的新形式新办法，开展对中小企业促进法、企业破产法、产品质量法的立法后评估，形成立法决策、制度设计、法律实施与效果反馈的闭环，提高立法和监督工作质量。
We conducted law enforcement inspections in line with legal stipulations. We improved working mechanisms and methods for inspecting law enforcement, and carried out inspection in strict accordance with legal stipulations, pushing relevant parties to strictly implement laws and rigorously perform their legally prescribed duties. We inspected the enforcement of six laws, including the Law on Promoting Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, the Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, the Higher Education Law, the Law on Promoting Employment, the Law on Renewable Energy, and the Fisheries Law. We also conducted two special inquiries on the basis of our deliberations on inspection reports regarding the enforcement of the Law on Promoting Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises and the Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution. While inspecting enforcement of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution and three other laws, we introduced third-party evaluations to make our inspections more scientific, objective, and authoritative. We worked actively to explore new forms and methods of assessing the implementation of laws, conducted evaluations after the enactment of laws including the Law on Promoting Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law, and the Product Quality Law, and put in place a closed-loop system incorporating legislative decision-making, institutional design, the implementation of laws, and feedback on efficacy, with a view to raising the quality of legislation and oversight.
四、全面加强支持和服务代表依法履职的工作制度机制建设
IV. We improved working systems and mechanisms for supporting and serving deputies in the law-based performance of their duties.
全国人大代表是最高国家权力机关的组成人员。尊重代表的权利就是尊重人民的权利，保障代表依法履职就是保证人民当家作主。为此，常委会制定了关于加强和改进全国人大代表工作的35条具体措施，更好支持和保障代表依法履职。
NPC deputies are members of the highest organ of state power. By respecting the rights of deputies, we show our respect to the rights of the people, and by ensuring that deputies lawfully perform their duties, we guarantee that the people remain masters of the country. With this in mind, the Standing Committee formulated 35 measures for strengthening and improving work related to NPC deputies in an effort to support and guarantee the law-based performance of their duties.
认真办理代表议案和建议。十三届全国人大二次会议期间代表提出的议案和建议，全国人大专门委员会依法审议，有关承办单位坚持结果与过程并重，“点对点”联系，“面对面”沟通，及时向代表及原选举单位通报办理情况和结果。主席团交付审议的491件代表议案都已办理完毕，其中27件议案涉及的12个立法项目已审议通过，56件议案涉及的9个立法项目已提请审议，191件议案涉及的65个立法项目已列入立法规划或计划。8160件建议交由193家承办单位办理并答复代表，所提问题得到解决或计划逐步解决的占建议总数的71.3%。确定的22项重点督办建议，涉及276件代表建议，由7个专门委员会负责督办，推动解决了一批实际问题。认真办理闭会期间代表提出的560件意见建议，包括代表直接提出的210件，委员长会议组成人员转交的63件，常委会委员转交的10件，常委会会议期间列席代表提出的277件。
We earnestly handled the suggestions and proposals of deputies. Special committees of the NPC deliberated suggestions and proposals put forward by deputies during the Second Session of the 13th National People’s Congress in accordance with the law. Putting equal emphasis on the processes and the outcomes, departments charged with handling deputies’ suggestions maintained direct contact with involved parties, and informed deputies and their electoral bodies on progress and results in a timely manner. Relevant special committees completed their examination of all 491 proposals referred to them by the Presidium. Among these, 12 legislative items addressed in 27 of the proposals were reviewed and adopted, 9 legislative items addressed in 56 of the proposals were submitted for review, and 65 legislative items addressed in 191 of the proposals were included in our five-year legislative program or annual legislative plan. A total of 8,160 suggestions were referred to 193 departments for implementation, with feedback given to deputies, and 71.3% of the problems raised in these suggestions were either solved or addressed with plans to solve them over time. A total of 22 key suggestions drawn from 276 deputies’ suggestions were handled under the oversight of seven special committees, which helped resolve a number of practical issues. We made earnest efforts to handle 560 opinions and suggestions that were raised when the NPC was not in session. Of these, 210 were brought up by deputies directly, 63 were referred by members of the Chairperson’s Council, 10 were referred by members of the Standing Committee, and 277 were raised by invited deputies during Standing Committee meetings.
发挥代表在立法工作中的作用。根据代表议案建议研究确定立法项目，邀请代表直接参与法律草案调研、起草、论证、审议、评估等工作。综合性、基础性的重要法律草案印发全体代表征求意见，专业性强的法律草案印发相关专业或领域的代表征求意见。
We exerted the role of deputies in legislative work. We established legislative tasks based on deputies’ proposals and invited deputies to directly participate in the research, drafting, debate, deliberation, and assessment processes involved in creating draft laws. Drafts of laws with far-reaching and fundamental significance were issued to all deputies to solicit their comments, while drafts of laws concerning highly specialized fields were issued to deputies from corresponding disciplines and professional fields for comment.
加强常委会同代表的联系。完善常委会组成人员联系代表的机制，推动专门委员会、工作委员会与代表加强联系。常委会组成人员通过多种形式联系代表，畅通反映情况、听取意见的渠道，更好地了解基层情况，反映人民呼声。健全完善代表参与常委会、专门委员会工作的机制，组织代表74人次参加执法检查，邀请代表73人次参加预算审查监督，邀请代表298人次列席常委会会议，召开5次列席代表座谈会。
We enhanced the Standing Committee’s contact with deputies. We improved mechanisms for members of the Standing Committee to get in touch with deputies, and encouraged special committees and working committees to remain in closer contact with deputies. Members of the Standing Committee kept in contact with deputies by various means and maintained open channels for deputies to report on situations and convey opinions, helping them to better understand circumstances at the primary level and get a clearer picture of public concerns. We improved mechanisms for deputies to participate in the work of the Standing Committee and special committees, reaching attendance of 74 in law enforcement inspections, 73 in budget review and oversight, and 298 in meetings of the Standing Committee in a non-voting capacity. We also held discussions with deputies invited to attend Standing Committee meetings on five occasions.
密切代表同人民群众的联系。推动地方人大组织全国人大代表就近参加代表联络站、代表之家和基层立法联系点的活动。地方各级人大已建成22.8万个代表联络站和代表之家，为代表履职搭建了立足基层、贴近群众、覆盖城乡的工作平台。广大代表通过多种形式，听取和反映群众的意见建议，发挥了上情下达、下情上传的重要作用。
We fostered closer ties between deputies and the people. We encouraged local people’s congresses to arrange for NPC deputies to attend activities organized by liaison offices and local legislative outreach offices close to them. Local people’s congresses at all levels have established 228,000 liaison offices, thereby setting up a platform covering urban and rural areas that will help deputies perform their duties by having a foothold in local communities and remaining in closer touch with the people. Deputies worked to solicit and convey opinions and suggestions from the public through multiple means, and effectively performed their important function of transmitting information between higher and lower levels.
提高代表服务保障工作水平。组织1830名代表开展专题调研、考察和视察，形成91个调研报告。坚持培训资源向基层代表倾斜，全年有1900多人次代表参加集中培训，十三届以来累计集中培训代表3200多人次，基本实现基层代表履职学习全覆盖。统筹安排1254人次代表参加“一府一委两院”联系代表的活动。加强与代表所在单位的沟通，为代表履职创造良好条件。
We improved services for deputies. We organized research projects and inspection tours for 1,830 deputies, which resulted in 91 reports. We continued to channel training resources toward primary-level deputies, and organized training programs over the year that drew more than 1,900 attendees. Total attendance in centralized training has surpassed 3,200 since the First Session of the 13th NPC, with essentially all primary-level deputies involved in study sessions on matters pertaining to their duties. We made coordinated arrangements for deputies to participate in activities promoting contact between deputies and the State Council, the National Commission of Supervision, the Supreme People’s Court, and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, with attendance in these activities reaching 1,254. By enhancing communication with the organizations where deputies work, we created better conditions for deputies to perform their duties.
在这场疫情防控战中，全国人大代表和地方人大代表积极响应党中央号令，在各级党委、政府的领导组织下，投身抗疫一线，参与科研攻关，保障物资供应，踊跃捐款捐物，主动建言献策，在各条战线、各自岗位上发挥积极作用，以实际行动践行了代表人民、为了人民、服务人民的光荣使命。
In the fight against covid-19, NPC deputies and deputies to local people’s congresses have reacted swiftly to the commands of the CPC Central Committee. Following the leadership and arrangements of Party committees and governments at different levels, they have devoted themselves to fighting against the epidemic on the front lines. They have conducted scientific research, worked to guarantee the provision of supplies, donated funds and supplies, and offered suggestions and proposals, playing an active role on every front through their respective posts. Through concrete actions, they have practiced their honorable mission of representing the people, working for the people, and serving the people.
