关于2019年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况与2020年国民经济和社会发展计划草案的报告
REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 2019 PLAN FOR NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND ON THE 2020 DRAFT PLAN FOR NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9339.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9339.html
——2020年5月22日在第十三届全国人民代表大会第三次会议上文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9339.html
Delivered at the Third Session of the Thirteenth National People’s Congress on May 22, 2020文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9339.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9339.html
国家发展和改革委员会文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9339.html
National Development and Reform Commission文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9339.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9339.html
各位代表：文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9339.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9339.html
Esteemed Deputies,
受国务院委托，现将2019年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况与2020年国民经济和社会发展计划草案提请十三届全国人大三次会议审议，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。
The National Development and Reform Commission has been entrusted by the State Council to deliver this report on the implementation of the 2019 plan and on the 2020 draft plan for national economic and social development to the Third Session of the 13th National People’s Congress (NPC) for your deliberation. The Commission also invites comments from members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).
一、2019年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况
I. Implementation of the 2019 Plan for National Economic and Social Development
2019年，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，各地区各部门以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，深入贯彻党的十九大和十九届二中、三中、四中全会精神，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，全面贯彻落实党中央、国务院决策部署，认真执行十三届全国人大二次会议审议批准的《政府工作报告》、2019年国民经济和社会发展计划，落实全国人大财政经济委员会审查意见，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，深入贯彻新发展理念，坚持以供给侧结构性改革为主线，推动高质量发展，扎实做好“六稳”工作，统筹推进稳增长、促改革、调结构、惠民生、防风险、保稳定，全年经济社会发展主要目标任务较好完成，“十三五”规划主要指标完成进度符合预期，为全面建成小康社会打下决定性基础。
In 2019, under the strong leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, as well as the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, all regions and departments fully implemented the guiding principles of the 19th CPC National Congress and the second, third, and fourth plenary sessions of the 19th CPC Central Committee. We raised our consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment; increased our confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics; and resolutely upheld General Secretary Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and resolutely upheld the Party Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership.
We faithfully executed the decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, implemented the Report on the Work of the Government and the 2019 Plan for National Economic and Social Development approved at the Second Session of the 13th NPC, and adopted the NPC Financial and Economic Affairs Committee’s suggestions based on its review of the 2019 plan. We followed the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability, continued to apply the new development philosophy, advanced supply-side structural reform as our main task, pursued high-quality development, and took solid steps to ensure stability on six fronts.* We coordinated efforts to maintain stable growth, promote reform, make structural adjustments, improve people’s lives, guard against risks, and maintain stability.
(*The six fronts refer to employment, the financial sector, foreign trade, foreign investment, investment, and expectations.)
The main targets and tasks in economic and social development for the year were accomplished, and progress in achieving the main targets listed in the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-2020) met our expectations. All of these successes laid a crucial foundation for completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects.
（一）科学实施宏观调控，经济运行保持在合理区间。加强区间调控、定向调控、相机调控、精准调控，加强政策协调配合，强化预期管理，促进经济平稳健康发展。
1. We conducted well-conceived macro regulation and kept major economic indicators within an appropriate range.
We strengthened range-based, targeted, well-timed, and precision regulation, stepped up coordination between policies, and improved the management of expectations, thus promoting stable and healthy economic growth.
一是主要宏观指标完成情况良好。国内生产总值达到99.1万亿元，增长6.1%，符合预期目标。城镇新增就业1352万人，年末城镇调查失业率、城镇登记失业率分别为5.2%和3.62%。居民消费价格指数上涨2.9%。国际收支基本平衡，外汇储备保持在3万亿美元以上。
1) Major macroeconomic targets were achieved.
China’s gross domestic product (GDP) reached 99.1 trillion yuan, an increase of 6.1%, which was consistent with the projected target. A total of 13.52 million urban jobs were created, and the year-end survey-based and registered urban unemployment rates were 5.2% and 3.62% respectively. The consumer price index (CPI) rose by 2.9%. A basic equilibrium was maintained with regard to the balance of payments, and foreign exchange reserves were kept at over US$ 3 trillion.
二是宏观政策逆周期调节有力有效。以减税降费为重点，积极的财政政策加力提效，财政支出结构持续优化，民生等重点领域资金需求得到有力保障。全国一般公共预算收入19.04万亿元，增长3.8%；全国一般公共预算支出23.89万亿元，增长8.1%；财政赤字2.76万亿元，与预算持平。全年减税降费2.36万亿元。合理扩大专项债券使用范围，加快专项债券发行使用。稳健的货币政策松紧适度，逆周期调节效果持续显现，信贷结构不断优化，对实体经济特别是小微企业、民营企业信贷投放力度进一步加大。年末广义货币（M2）余额增长8.7%，社会融资规模存量增长10.7%。更大力度实施就业优先政策，援企稳岗力度进一步加大，失业保险基金稳岗返还政策全面落实，高校毕业生、农民工、退役军人等重点群体就业总体保持稳定。
2) Counter-cyclical macro policy regulation proved to be effective.
With the focus on cutting taxes and fees, we implemented a proactive fiscal policy with greater intensity and better performance, continued to improve the structure of government spending, and ensured sufficient funding for major areas such as the improvement of living standards.
Revenue in the national general public budget was 19.04 trillion yuan, an increase of 3.8%; expenditures totaled 23.89 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.1%; and the fiscal deficit was 2.76 trillion yuan, the same as the budgeted figure. Tax and fee reductions totaled 2.36 trillion yuan over the year. We appropriately expanded the range of uses for special local government bonds and quickened the pace of bond issuance.
We maintained a prudent monetary policy with an appropriate level of intensity. Counter-cyclical regulation continued to have an effect, and the credit structure continued to improve, while the credit supply to the real economy, particularly to micro and small businesses and private enterprises, was increased further. At the end of 2019, growth in the M2 money supply was 8.7%, and aggregate financing grew by 10.7%.
We made greater efforts to implement the policy of prioritizing employment, as well as the policy of refunding unemployment insurance premiums, and increased support for enterprises in keeping employment stable. A stable employment situation was generally maintained with regard to key groups such as college graduates, rural migrant workers, and demobilized military personnel.
（二）深入推进供给侧结构性改革，促进形成强大国内市场。坚持“巩固、增强、提升、畅通”八字方针，持续推进产业结构调整，着力畅通供需循环。
2. We moved forward with supply-side structural reform and promoted the formation of a strong domestic market.
We adhered to our principles of consolidating the gains made in the five priority tasks, strengthening the dynamism of micro entities, upgrading industrial chains, and ensuring unimpeded flows in the economy. We consistently advanced industrial restructuring, and worked hard to keep circulation dynamic in order to ensure that market supply meets demand.
一是农业供给侧结构性改革深入推进。毫不放松抓好粮食生产，粮食总产量连续第5年保持在1.3万亿斤以上。启动重要农产品保障战略，实施大豆振兴计划。粮食生产功能区、重要农产品生产保护区基本划定。持续加强农田水利建设，完成8000万亩高标准农田和2000万亩高效节水灌溉任务。加强非洲猪瘟防控，加快恢复生猪生产，进一步完善蔬菜产供储销体系。完善粮食最低收购价政策和棉花目标价格政策，重要农产品收储制度和重要农资储备制度改革深入推进。农产品冷链物流仓储设施及冷链运输较快发展。农村产业融合发展持续推进，累计创建107个现代农业产业园、210个农村产业融合发展示范园。新型农业支持保护政策体系加快建立健全。
1) Supply-side structural reform in agriculture was advanced.
We made sustained efforts to ensure sufficient grain production, maintaining total grain output at over 650 million metric tons for the fifth year in a row. We adopted a strategy for securing the supply of major agricultural products and implemented a scheme to revitalize the production of soybeans. Functional zones for grain production and protective areas for the production of major agricultural products were established. Farmland irrigation and water conservancy continued to improve, with the total area of high-quality cropland increasing by 5.33 million hectares and the total area of farmland covered by efficient water-saving irrigation increasing by 1.33 million hectares.
We continued our efforts to prevent and control African swine fever and accelerate the recovery of hog production, and improved the system for the production, supply, storage, and sale of vegetables.
We refined the policy for setting minimum prices for state grain purchases and the policy for guaranteeing base prices for cotton. We advanced reform of the system for the state purchase and storage of major agricultural products and the reserve system for important agricultural supplies. Cold-chain logistics and storage facilities for agricultural products witnessed rapid development.
We continuously promoted industrial integration in rural areas, resulting in the establishment of 107 modern agriculture industrial parks and 210 demonstration parks for integrated industrial development in rural areas. We also accelerated the formulation and improvement of a new policy framework to support and protect agriculture.
二是制造业转型升级步伐加快。出台推动制造业高质量发展政策措施，发布产业结构调整指导目录（2019年本）。运用市场化、法治化办法又淘汰煤炭落后产能1亿吨左右，稳妥推进钢铁企业兼并重组，推动重大石化项目建设。实施新一轮技术改造工程，推动中国标准地铁A型车等一批国产首台（套）技术装备示范应用。
2) Transformation and upgrading of manufacturing picked up pace.
We rolled out policies and measures to promote high-quality development of the manufacturing sector and released the Catalog of Industrial Structural Adjustments (2019).
We continued to employ market- and law-based methods to cut outmoded coal production capacity by around 100 million metric tons, prudently moved forward with the merging and reorganization of steel enterprises, and implemented major petrochemical projects. We organized a new series of technological transformation projects, and promoted the demonstration and application of newly-developed equipment that was made in China such as Chinese standard type-A subway cars.
三是服务业高质量发展扎实推进。出台支持服务业高质量发展、传统服务行业改造升级等政策措施，大力培育新业态新模式，推动先进制造业和现代服务业深度融合发展，支持共性技术研发、工业设计、工业互联网等平台建设。
3) Solid steps were taken to promote high-quality development of the service sector.
We introduced policies and measures on high-quality development of the service sector and transformation and upgrading of traditional service industries, stepped up the development of new forms and new models of business, and promoted the integrated development of advanced manufacturing and modern services.
We supported the development of platforms for generic technology R&D, industrial design, and the industrial internet.
四是支持实体经济降成本力度加大。制造业等行业增值税税率从16%降至13%，交通运输业、建筑业等行业从10%降至9%，实施小微企业普惠性税收减免，小规模纳税人增值税起征点由月销售额3万元提高到10万元。企业职工基本养老保险单位缴费比例高于16%的省份已全部降至16%，阶段性降低失业、工伤保险费率政策延续一年。深化利率市场化改革，社会综合融资成本明显降低。清理政府部门和国有企业拖欠民营企业、中小企业账款6647亿元。进一步压减政府定价经营服务性收费目录，减免部分行政事业收费并降低收费标准。一般工商业平均电价再降10%，全年降低企业用电成本846亿元。扩大电力直接交易规模，降低企业购电成本约790亿元。降低成品油、天然气门站价格和跨省管道运输价格，减轻用户负担约650亿元。取消和降低铁路、港口、民用机场部分收费，减轻企业负担100多亿元。
4) More support was provided to help reduce costs in the real economy.
The rate of value added tax (VAT) was lowered from 16% to 13% in manufacturing and several other industries, and from 10% to 9% in industries such as transportation and construction. We implemented general-benefit tax cuts for micro and small businesses, raising the VAT threshold from 30,000 yuan to 100,000 yuan in monthly sales for small-scale taxpayers. We enabled all provincial-level regions to reduce the ratio of enterprise contributions to workers’ basic old-age insurance to 16%, and extended for another year the policy of temporary reduction of premiums for unemployment insurance and workers’ compensation. We deepened reforms to liberalize interest rates, with overall financing costs being notably reduced throughout society.
We settled overdue payments of 664.7 billion yuan owed by government departments and state-owned enterprises (SOEs) to private enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). We further cut the number of items in the catalog of government-set business service fees, and cancelled or lowered some administrative charges.
The price of electricity for general industrial and commercial businesses was cut by another 10% on average, thus reducing electricity costs for businesses by 84.6 billion yuan for the year. We helped businesses save 79 billion yuan by enabling them to buy electricity directly from power generation companies.
We lowered the prices for refined oil products, natural gas city gate prices, and prices for natural gas transmission through trans-provincial pipelines, lightening the burden on consumers by approximately 65 billion yuan. Through rescinding or cutting railway charges, port charges, and civil airport charges, we helped reduce the burden on businesses by more than 10 billion yuan.
五是消费惠民新增长点不断拓展。出台加快发展流通促进商业消费、促进家政服务业提质扩容、激发文化和旅游消费潜力、促进全民健身和体育消费、促进“互联网+社会服务”发展等政策措施，加大对夜间消费的支持力度，鼓励汽车、家电、电子产品更新消费。电子商务进农村综合示范深入实施，农村地区快递网点超过3万个，乡镇覆盖率达96.6%。全年社会消费品零售总额突破40万亿元，增长8.0%。全国网上零售额达10.6万亿元，增长16.5%，其中实物商品网上零售额增长19.5%，占社会消费品零售总额的20.7%。成功举办2019年中国品牌日系列活动。
5) New growth areas in consumption that benefit the people continued to expand.
We introduced several policies and measures to speed up commodity distribution and facilitate consumption, to improve the quality and expand the size of the domestic services sector, to unlock consumption potential in the areas of culture and tourism, to encourage fitness and sports consumption, and to promote the development of “internet-plus social services.” We stepped up support for nighttime consumption, and encouraged the purchase of new automobiles, home appliances, and electronic products to replace old ones.
Comprehensive demonstrations for introducing e-commerce into rural areas were carried out. Express delivery depots in rural areas exceeded 30,000, thus covering 96.6% of all townships and towns.
Total annual retail sales of consumer goods exceeded 40 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.0%. Total online retail sales nationwide reached 10.6 trillion yuan, an increase of 16.5%, with sales of goods increasing by 19.5% and accounting for 20.7% of the total retail sales of consumer goods. We successfully organized a series of activities for the 2019 Chinese Brands Day.
六是重点领域有效投资合理扩大。发布实施《政府投资条例》，适当降低重点领域项目资本金比例。健全重大项目储备机制，积极推进专项债券项目建设。规范有序推进政府和社会资本合作（PPP），鼓励民间资本参与补短板重点领域建设。172项重大水利工程已累计开工144项。印发实施交通强国建设纲要。23个国家物流枢纽建设稳步推进。川藏铁路前期工作扎实推进，北京大兴国际机场建成投运，乌东德、白鹤滩等大型水电站加快建设。2019年底，铁路营业里程达13.9万公里，其中高速铁路3.5万公里，民用运输机场达235个，新增220千伏及以上电网里程3.4万公里，油气干线里程0.4万公里。全年固定资产投资（不含农户）增长5.4%，其中民间投资增长4.7%；投资结构持续优化，高技术产业投资和社会领域投资分别增长17.3%和13.2%。
6) We appropriately expanded effective investment in key areas.
We published the Regulations on Government Investment, and lowered, as appropriate, capital contribution requirements for projects in priority areas. We improved the reserve mechanisms for major projects, and actively promoted the construction of projects funded by special bonds. We carried out public-private partnership (PPP) projects in a well-regulated and orderly way, and encouraged the participation of non-governmental capital in key areas to shore up points of weakness. Out of 172 major water conservancy projects, construction has already begun on 144 projects.
The Plan for Developing China’s Strengths in Transportation was published. The construction of 23 national logistics hubs was steadily advanced. The preliminary work for the Chengdu-Lhasa railway progressed steadily. Beijing Daxing International Airport began operation. The construction of large hydropower stations such as Wudongde and Baihetan was accelerated.
By the end of 2019, the total length of in-service railways exceeded 139,000 kilometers, including 35,000 kilometers of high-speed rail lines, the number of civil airports in service totaled 235, the total length of power grids of 220 KV and above increased by 34,000 kilometers, and trunk oil and gas pipelines increased by 4,000 kilometers.
The fixed-asset investment for the year (excluding investment by rural households) rose by 5.4%, with investment from non-governmental sources growing by 4.7%, while the composition of investment witnessed a continuous improvement, with investment in high-tech industry and the social domain up 17.3% and 13.2% respectively.
（三）全力抓重点补短板解难题，三大攻坚战取得重大进展。精准脱贫成效显著，生态环境质量总体改善，金融风险有效防控。
3. We made an all-out effort to focus on key areas, address inadequacies, and solve challenging problems, with major progress being made in the three critical battles.
一是脱贫攻坚工作扎实推进。强化产业、就业、消费等扶贫，集中力量攻坚“三区三州”等深度贫困地区“两不愁三保障”突出问题。累计支持733万户建档立卡贫困户实施农村危房改造。累计建设易地扶贫搬迁安置区3.5万个、住房260余万套，可安置947万建档立卡易地扶贫搬迁人口，提前一年基本完成“十三五”规划建设任务。加大后续产业扶持和就业帮扶力度，定点帮扶等工作有力推进。全年农村贫困人口减少1109万，贫困县摘帽344个，贫困发生率降至0.6%。截至2019年底，97%现行标准的贫困人口实现脱贫，94%的贫困县实现摘帽，区域性整体贫困基本得到解决。
We made substantial progress in targeted poverty alleviation, secured an overall improvement in the quality of the environment, and effectively prevented and controlled financial risks.
1) We made solid progress in poverty alleviation.
We worked hard to eliminate poverty through the development of local industries and through boosting employment and consumption. We pooled resources to resolve outstanding issues with regard to ensuring adequate food and clothing, as well as access to compulsory education, basic medical services, and safe housing for poor rural populations in areas of extreme poverty such as the three regions and three prefectures.
We helped 7.33 million registered poor households renovate their dilapidated houses, and completed the construction of 35,000 resettlement areas, comprising more than 2.6 million units of housing that can accommodate 9.47 million registered poor people who have been relocated from inhospitable areas, thereby essentially completing the task set in the 13th Five-Year Plan one year ahead of schedule. We continued to increase follow-up industry-led support and employment assistance, and effectively advanced dedicated poverty alleviation efforts.
Over the course of the year, China’s rural poor decreased by an additional 11.09 million, with 344 counties having been lifted out of poverty and the poverty headcount ratio having dropped to 0.6%. By the end of 2019, 97% of rural residents living below the current poverty line having lifted themselves out of poverty, and 94% of poor counties having been removed from the poverty list. As a result, regional poverty was largely eradicated.
二是生态环境保护和污染防治有力推进。坚决打好蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战，细颗粒物（PM2.5）未达标地级及以上城市年均浓度下降2.4%，地表水质量达到或好于Ⅲ类水体比例为74.9%。非化石能源占能源消费比重达15.3%，提前一年完成“十三五”规划目标。启动第二轮中央生态环境保护例行督察。落实河长制湖长制。县级水源地生态环境问题整治基本完成，地级及以上城市黑臭水体消除近87%。坚定不移推进禁止洋垃圾入境，全国固体废物进口量减少40.4%。启动“无废城市”建设试点。加快实施排污许可制度。发布绿色产业指导目录（2019年版）。开展能源消耗总量和强度“双控”行动、国家节水行动、绿色生活创建行动。单位国内生产总值能耗下降2.6%，万元国内生产总值用水量下降6.1%。完善天然林保护制度，扩大退耕还林还草，实施荒漠化、石漠化综合治理。启动生态综合补偿试点。单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放量降低4.1%。
2) We made strong headway in both environmental protection and pollution prevention and control.
We made solid progress in keeping our skies blue, our waters clear, and our land pollution-free. The annual average concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) decreased by 2.4% in the cities at and above prefecture level that fell short of the national standards. The proportion of surface water with a quality rating of Grade III or higher stood at 74.9%. The non-fossil fuel share of the total energy consumption reached 15.3%, with this target set in the 13th Five-Year Plan being met one year ahead of schedule.
The central government launched the second round of environmental inspections as scheduled. We put in place the system of river chiefs and lake chiefs. The environmental improvement of county-level water sources was essentially completed and nearly 87% of black, malodorous bodies of water in cities at or above prefecture level were cleaned up.
We strictly blocked illegal waste imports, and registered a year-on-year reduction of 40.4% in solid waste imports. We also carried out trials for a No-Waste Cities initiative.
We implemented the emissions permit system at a faster pace, and introduced the Catalog of Green Industries (2019). We launched initiatives to control both the total amount and the intensity of energy consumption, and to promote nationwide water conservation and eco-friendly lifestyles. Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 2.6%, and water consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP dropped by 6.1%.
We improved the system for protecting natural forests, allowed more marginal farmland to return to forest and grassland, and took coordinated steps to control desertification and prevent the spread of stony deserts. We launched trials of comprehensive ecological compensation. Carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP decreased by 4.1%.
三是金融等领域重大风险得到有效防控。地方政府隐性债务和企业债务风险处置稳妥推进，宏观杠杆率过快上升势头得到遏制。影子银行无序发展得到有效治理，部分高风险金融机构特别是中小银行“精准拆弹”取得阶段性成果，互联网金融等涉众风险得到治理。金融市场运行平稳有序，外汇市场和人民币汇率总体稳定。金融监管制度进一步完善。
3) We effectively prevented and controlled major risks in the financial sector.
We made steady efforts to defuse risks related to the hidden debts of local governments and the debts of enterprises, and succeeded in curbing excessively rapid growth of the macro-leverage ratio. We effectively addressed the disorderly growth of shadow banking, made significant progress in defusing risks in some high-risk financial institutions, particularly in small and medium-sized banks, and addressed the risks related to internet finance and other financial risks that impact a large number of people. The operations of the financial market were stable and orderly, and the foreign exchange market and the RMB exchange rate remained generally stable, while the financial regulatory system was further improved.
（四）深入实施创新驱动发展战略，科技创新能力进一步提升。不断深化科技体制改革，大力支持基础研究和应用基础研究，全国研究与试验发展经费投入强度达2.19%，科技进步贡献率提高到59.5%。
4. We pursued the innovation-driven development strategy and enhanced our capacity for scientific and technological innovation.
We deepened reform of the management system for science and technology, and intensified support for basic research and application-oriented basic research. China’s spending on R&D amounted to 2.19% of GDP, while the contribution made by advances in science and technology to economic growth hit 59.5%.
一是自主创新步伐加快。重大科技成果持续涌现，嫦娥四号成功在月球背面着陆，北斗三号全球系统核心星座部署全面完成，5G商用加速推出，长征五号遥三运载火箭成功发射，首艘国产航母“山东舰”正式列装。科技创新2030－重大项目和国家科技重大专项深入实施，高能同步辐射光源等一批国家重大科技基础设施开工建设。全面创新改革试验稳步推进，169项先行先试改革举措基本完成。北京、上海科技创新中心建设取得重要进展，粤港澳大湾区国际科技创新中心建设顺利起步。北京怀柔、上海张江、安徽合肥等综合性国家科学中心建设全面加速，大湾区综合性国家科学中心加快谋划建设。
1) The pace of independent innovation increased.
We saw a constant stream of significant scientific and technological advances throughout the year: The Chang’e-4 lunar probe successfully landed on the far side of the moon; the deployment of the core constellation of the Beidou-3 global navigation system was completed; the launch of commercial 5G operations was brought forward; the Long March-5 Y3 carrier rocket was successfully launched; and China’s first domestically built aircraft carrier Shandong was commissioned.
We continued implementing major projects of the Sci-Tech Innovation 2030 Agenda and major national science and technology programs, and started construction on a number of major science and technology infrastructure projects such as the High Energy Photon Source.
We made steady progress in pilot reforms of comprehensive innovation, with 169 preliminary trials being completed.
Significant headway was made in turning Beijing and Shanghai into innovation centers for science and technology, and the initiative to develop the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area into an international science and technology innovation center got off to a smooth start. We expedited the construction of comprehensive national science centers in Huairou in Beijing, Zhangjiang in Shanghai, and Hefei in Anhui, along with the planning for another such center in the Greater Bay Area.
二是新动能加速培育。启动国家数字经济创新发展试验区建设。统筹推进重大信息化工程建设，实施一批“十三五”重大政务信息化工程。战略性新兴产业集群发展工程深入实施。
2) We stepped up our efforts to foster new drivers of growth.
We started construction of a national pilot zone to boost the innovation-driven development of the digital economy. We coordinated efforts to advance major IT application projects, beginning with a number of major projects to build an IT-enabled government as required in the 13th Five-Year Plan. We also undertook projects for the development of clusters of strategic emerging industries.
三是创新创业创造活力持续增强。开展科研项目经费使用“包干制”和“绿色通道”改革试点。成功举办2019年全国双创活动周。截至2019年底，全国高新技术企业超过22.5万家，科技型中小企业超过15.1万家，分别增长约24%和15%。我国创新指数世界排名提升至第14位，企业数量日均净增1万户以上。
3) We continued to inspire enthusiasm for innovation, business startups, and creativity.
We piloted the contract system for research project funding, along with the “green channel” program. We ensured the success of 2019 National Entrepreneurship and Innovation Week. By the end of 2019, more than 225,000 new- and high-tech enterprises and more than 151,000 small and medium-sized sci-tech businesses had been established across the country, with a year-on-year increase of approximately 24% and 15% respectively. China rose to 14th place in the Global Innovation Index 2019, with an average of at least 10,000 new businesses being registered per day in 2019.
（五）落实落细重大战略，城乡区域发展协调性不断增强。推动乡村振兴和区域发展重大战略落地见效，着力提升新型城镇化质量，努力缩小城乡区域发展差距。
5. We thoroughly and effectively implemented major strategies and achieved higher levels of coordination between urban and rural development and the development of different regions.
We promoted effective implementation of key strategies regarding rural revitalization and coordinated regional development, improved the quality of new urbanization, and reduced the disparities in development between rural and urban areas and between regions.
一是乡村振兴战略加快实施。乡村振兴战略规划确定的重大工程、重大计划和重大行动启动实施。乡村旅游、休闲农业等新业态不断涌现。持续推进农药化肥减量增效，加快推进农作物秸秆、畜禽粪污资源化利用。农村水电路等条件显著改善，农业农村污染治理攻坚战全面展开，农村人居环境整治加快推进。乡村文化建设和乡村治理深入推进。
1)We stepped up the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.
Work began on the major projects, plans, and actions defined in the Strategic Agenda for Rural Revitalization. Rural areas saw the continuous emergence of new forms of business, including rural tourism and farm-based recreation.
We continued to promote reduced yet more efficient use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Efforts to recycle resources from livestock and poultry waste and crop straw were stepped up.
With notable improvements in rural roads and water and power supply and the full launch of the campaign to control pollution in agriculture and in rural areas, the improvement of rural living environments was accelerated. Efforts to develop rural culture and improve rural governance were intensified.
二是新型城镇化质量稳步提高。建立健全城乡融合发展体制机制的政策措施印发实施。1000多万农业转移人口落户城镇，1亿非户籍人口在城市落户工作取得重大进展，全国常住人口城镇化率达60.60%，户籍人口城镇化率达44.38%。中心城市和城市群人口集聚能力逐步提升，都市圈建设有序推进，特大镇设市取得突破，特色小镇发展进一步规范。
2) The quality of new urbanization was steadily increased.
We carried out policies and measures for building sound institutions and mechanisms for integrated urban-rural development.
Over 10 million people from rural areas were granted urban residency, constituting significant progress toward the goal of granting urban residency to 100 million people without local household registrations. The percentage of permanent urban residents reached 60.60%, while the percentage of registered urban residents reached 44.38%.
The ability of principal cities and city clusters to attract people to them gradually increased, and modern metropolitan areas grew in an orderly fashion. Breakthroughs were made in elevating very large towns to cities, while the development of towns with distinct features was further regulated.
三是区域协调发展新机制加快构建。支持西部大开发、东北振兴、中部崛起、东部率先的政策体系更加完善。京津冀协同发展有力有序推进，雄安新区转入施工建设阶段。长江经济带生态环境突出问题整改和生态环境污染治理成效显著。粤港澳大湾区建设规划政策体系进一步完善。长三角区域一体化发展规划纲要印发实施，生态绿色一体化发展示范区启动建设。黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展规划纲要启动编制。老少边贫等特殊类型地区加快振兴发展，对口支援有力推进。海洋经济发展示范区建设全面启动。
3) We accelerated the development of new mechanisms for coordinated regional development.
Policy frameworks for supporting the development of the western region, the revitalization of northeast China, the rise of the central region, and the spearhead development of the eastern region were further improved.
Steady and substantial progress was made in promoting the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, with construction starting on Xiongan New Area. Positive results were achieved with regard to addressing prominent environmental issues in the Yangtze Economic Belt. The policies for the development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area were further refined. The Plan for Integrated Development of the Yangtze River Delta was published, and construction began on a demonstration zone for eco-friendly development in the delta. We began drafting the plan for the ecological conservation and high-quality development of the Yellow River basin.
We stepped up work on revitalizing and developing regions with unique features such as old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, border areas, and impoverished areas. One-to-one assistance programs were also scaled up. Widespread construction efforts began on demonstration zones for developing the marine economy.
（六）全面推进市场化改革，市场主体活力进一步激发。坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度，重点领域、关键环节改革全面推进。
6. We promoted market-oriented reforms and further energized market entities.
We upheld and improved the basic socialist economic system, and made significant progress with regard to reform of key areas and sectors.
一是营商环境持续优化。“放管服”改革向纵深推进，《优化营商环境条例》颁布，构建中国营商环境评价体系，在全国41个城市开展营商环境评价。印发市场准入负面清单（2019年版），清单事项压减至131项。规范投资审批行为，投资审批“一网通办”水平不断提高。工程建设项目审批环节继续精简。部门联合“双随机、一公开”监管逐步推行，“互联网+监管”事项清单加快制定，全国信用信息共享平台功能和服务不断完善，以信用为基础的新型监管机制加快构建。全国一体化政务服务平台上线试运行，金融信用信息数据库服务网络覆盖全国。
1) The business environment was further optimized.
We further pushed forward with reforms to streamline administration and delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services. The Regulations on Improving the Business Environment were promulgated, demonstrating the efforts China is making to build a business environment evaluation system. We carried out business environment evaluations in 41 cities nationwide.
The Negative List for Market Access (2019) was published and the number of items listed was reduced to 131. We worked to ensure that investment approval is conducted in line with relevant procedures, and is accessible online. The approval procedures for construction projects were further simplified.
Interdepartmental oversight conducted through the random selection of both inspectors and inspection targets and the prompt release of results was rolled out incrementally. We accelerated the formulation of the list of items for the Internet Plus Oversight initiative. The functions and services of the national platform for sharing credit information were improved. We also accelerated the setting up of a new, credit-based oversight mechanism.
A national online platform for government services was launched on a trial basis. The nationwide network for financial credit information database services was set up.
二是混合所有制改革、产权保护、激发保护企业家精神等改革联动推进。第四批160户混合所有制改革试点启动实施。加强产权和知识产权保护，甄别纠正涉产权冤错案件取得重要突破，涉政府产权纠纷问题专项治理行动有序开展。出台支持民营企业改革发展、促进中小企业健康发展的政策措施，建立健全企业家参与涉企政策制定机制。
2) Reforms in the areas of mixed ownership, the protection of property rights, and the nurturing of entrepreneurial spirit were pushed forward in a coordinated manner.
Pilot reforms of mixed ownership were carried out in the fourth group of 160 SOEs. We strengthened the protection of property and intellectual property rights and made breakthroughs in reviewing and correcting wrongly adjudicated cases involving property rights. Steady progress was made in dedicated campaigns to address property rights disputes involving the government.
The policies and measures for supporting reform and development of private enterprises and promoting healthy development of SMEs were promulgated. A sound mechanism for entrepreneurs to participate in enterprise-related policy formulation was established.
三是要素市场化配置改革加快落地。制定促进劳动力和人才社会性流动体制机制改革意见。修订证券法，设立科创板并试点注册制，改革完善贷款市场报价利率（LPR）形成机制。扩大高校和科研院所科研相关自主权，开展赋予科研人员职务科技成果所有权或长期使用权试点，构建技术转移服务体系。修订土地管理法、城市房地产管理法，建设用地使用权转让、出租、抵押二级市场进一步完善，工业用地多方式出让和市场供应体系更加健全。
3) We stepped up reforms for the market-based allocation of factors of production.
We formulated guidelines on institutional reform to promote the social mobility of labor and talent.
We revised the Securities Law, set up the Science and Technology Innovation Board and launched trials for a registration-based IPO system, and reformed and improved the loan prime rate (LPR) mechanism.
We gave greater say to research institutes and universities with regard to their research, piloted the practice of granting researchers ownership of or permanent use rights over scientific and technological output at work, and set up a service system for technology transfer.
The Land Administration Law and the Urban Real Estate Administration Law were revised. The secondary markets for the transfer, leasing, and mortgage of use rights for land for construction purposes were further improved, while the systems for the sale of land designated for industrial purposes through various means and for ensuring adequate market supply of such land were made more robust.
四是重点领域改革深入推进。国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司组建成立。全面放开石油天然气上游勘查开采准入。出台教育、科技、交通运输等领域中央与地方财政事权和支出责任划分改革方案。电力交易市场化程度进一步提高，增量配电业务改革和电力现货市场建设试点稳步推进。深化燃煤发电上网电价形成机制改革，风电和光伏上网电价改革、农业水价综合改革、交通运输价格改革有序推进。改制成立中国国家铁路集团有限公司和中国邮政集团有限公司。行业协会商会与行政机关脱钩改革全面推开。
4) Reforms in key areas were deepened.
The China Oil & Gas Piping Network Corporation was founded. We opened up markets for upstream oil and gas exploration and exploitation.
Reform measures for dividing fiscal authority and spending responsibilities between central and local governments in the areas of education, science and technology, and transportation were rolled out.
More and more electricity transactions were market-based, and steady progress was made in reforms to raise the number of electricity distributors as well as in trials for the spot trading of electricity. The reform of the price-setting mechanism for on-grid electricity from coal-fired power plants, the pricing reform of on-grid electricity generated from wind power and photovoltaic power, the comprehensive reform of the pricing of water used in agriculture, and price reform in the transportation industry were all steadily advanced.
The China State Railway Group Co., Ltd. and the China Post Group Co., Ltd. were established by means of restructuring. In addition, reforms for cutting links between industry associations and chambers of commerce and the government were carried out across the board.
（七）持续深化高水平开放，开放型经济新格局加快构建。对外开放向更大范围、更宽领域、更深层次全面推进，国际经济合作和竞争新优势加快培育。
7. We continued to expand high-level opening up and worked faster to develop an open economy.
We promoted opening up across more sectors and in a more thorough fashion, and stepped up efforts to develop new strengths in international economic cooperation and competition.
一是共建“一带一路”扎实推进。第二届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛成功举办。累计与138个国家和30个国际组织签署200份共建“一带一路”合作文件。中巴经济走廊等建设进展顺利。雅万高铁、中老铁路、瓜达尔港等重大项目取得积极进展，中俄东线天然气管道投产通气。与法国、英国、日本等14个国家建立第三方市场合作机制。“一带一路”绿色发展国际联盟正式启动，“数字丝绸之路”“丝路电商”建设合作有序推进。中欧班列累计开行突破2万列，通达欧洲18个国家的57个城市，综合重箱率达94%。西部陆海新通道总体规划印发实施。
1) Joint efforts to advance the Belt and Road Initiative made solid headway.
We successfully held the second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation. China has so far signed 200 cooperation agreements with 138 countries and 30 international organizations for jointly advancing the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).
Smooth progress was achieved in the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and other projects. Active progress was made in key projects such as the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed line, the China-Laos rail line, and Gwadar port. The China-Russia east-route natural gas pipeline began operating. We established mechanisms for third-party market cooperation with 14 countries, including France, the United Kingdom, and Japan.
The BRI International Green Development Coalition was launched. Steady progress was made in developing the Digital Silk Road and Silk Road E-Commerce.
China-Europe freight train services registered a total of over 20,000 trips, incorporating 57 cities in 18 European countries, and the ratio of loaded containers reached 94%. The General Plan for New Land-Sea Transit Routes for the Western Region was published.
二是外贸发展稳中提质。推进贸易高质量发展的指导意见印发实施。第二届中国国际进口博览会成功举办。区域全面经济伙伴关系协定（RCEP）谈判取得重大进展。对欧盟、东盟以及“一带一路”沿线国家进出口保持较快增长，集成电路等高附加值产品及知识密集型服务出口保持快速增长。新设24个跨境电商综合试验区，市场采购贸易方式试点、服务贸易创新发展试点扎实推进，综合保税区等海关特殊监管区域发展质量进一步提升。
2) Foreign trade saw stable, higher-quality growth.
We carried out the Guidelines on Promoting High-Quality Development of Trade. We successfully hosted the second China International Import Expo. Significant progress was made in the negotiations on the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). Imports and exports between China and the EU and ASEAN countries, and between China and other BRI countries both grew rapidly. The export of high-value-added products such as the integrated circuits and knowledge-intensive services continued to see rapid growth.
We built an additional 24 integrated experimental zones for cross-border e-commerce, and steadily advanced trials of the market procurement trade methods as well as trials for the innovative development of the trade in services. We also raised the quality of development with regard to special customs regulation zones such as integrated bonded areas.
三是利用外资水平持续提升。外商投资法及实施条例出台实施。进一步扩大鼓励外商投资范围，鼓励外资投向制造业和生产性服务业，支持中西部地区承接外资产业转移。全国和自贸试验区外资准入负面清单分别缩减至40条、37条。放宽在华外资金融机构持股比例和业务范围限制，扩大金融市场双向开放。推进国家级经济技术开发区创新提升。完善企业外债备案登记管理，加强重点行业外债风险防范。全年实际使用外商直接投资1381亿美元。
3)The utilization of foreign capital continuously increased.
The Foreign Investment Law and the regulations regarding its implementation were enacted. We boosted efforts to attract investment in a broader range of sectors, and to encourage foreign investment in the manufacturing sector and producer services. We supported the relocation of foreign-invested industries to the central and western regions.
The two editions of the 2019 negative list for foreign investment, one concerning the whole country and the other concerning pilot free trade zones, were reduced to 40 and 37 items respectively. The restrictions on the shareholding ratio and the scope of operations of foreign-invested financial institutions in China were relaxed, expanding the bidirectional opening up of the financial market.
We promoted innovation and upgrading of state-level economic and technological development zones. We improved the management of foreign-debt registration for enterprises, and strengthened efforts to guard against foreign debt risks in key industries. China’s utilized foreign investment totaled US$ 138.1 billion over the year.
四是自贸试验区建设取得积极成效。增设上海自贸试验区临港新片区，新设山东等6个自贸试验区，实现沿海省份全覆盖，并首次在沿边地区布局。向全国复制推广自贸试验区49项制度创新成果，累计复制推广223项。海南自由贸易港建设加快推进。
4) Positive results were achieved in developing pilot free trade zones.
We expanded the Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone by setting up a Lin’gang Special Area, and established an additional six pilot zones including one in Shandong, thus having established pilot free trade zones in all coastal provincial-level regions and in border areas for the first time. We applied 49 institutional innovation practices of free trade zones across the country in 2019, bringing the total number of such practices to 223. The Hainan Free Trade Port saw rapid development.
五是境外投资平稳发展。实施企业境外经营合规管理指引，中国装备、技术、标准和服务稳步“走出去”，全年非金融类境外直接投资1106亿美元。人民币跨境融资渠道逐步拓宽，人民币国际化有序推进。
5) Outward investment grew steadily.
We implemented the Guide on Compliance Management for Enterprises’ Overseas Operations, as Chinese equipment, technology, standards, and services made steady progress in “going global.” Non-financial outward direct investment reached US$ 110.6 billion in 2019. We expanded channels for cross-border financing of the RMB and advanced the internationalization of the RMB in an orderly manner.
（八）着力保障和改善民生，人民群众获得感幸福感安全感不断提升。坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，保障人民群众尤其是困难群众的基本生活，让各项惠民举措落到实处。
8. We worked to safeguard and improve the people’s wellbeing, ensuring that our people lead happier, more satisfying, and more secure lives.
Remaining committed to a people-centered philosophy of development, we worked to ensure that basic living needs are met, especially for those most in need, and that the policies for improving living standards are implemented in full.
一是稳就业促增收力度加大。落实就业优先政策，出台实施进一步做好稳就业工作意见。强化重点群体和就业困难人员帮扶，全方位完善公共就业服务，拓展劳动者流动就业空间。全年使用失业保险基金向115万户企业发放稳岗返还552亿元，惠及职工7290万人；向126万人次失业保险参保职工发放失业保险技能提升补贴20亿元，从失业保险基金结余中拿出逾1000亿元支持职业技能提升行动，超额完成补贴职业技能培训1500万人次以上的目标任务。深入推行终身职业技能培训制度，职业技能公共实训基地建设持续加强。多措并举促进居民增收，努力增加劳动者特别是一线劳动者劳动报酬，居民人均可支配收入超过3万元。
1) We stepped up efforts to keep employment stable and promote growth in incomes.
We implemented the employment-first policy, and issued guidelines on further ensuring stable employment. We provided stronger support for key groups and people having difficulties finding jobs, improved public employment services in a comprehensive manner, and facilitated the free flow of employees so that they have more job opportunities.
In 2019, 55.2 billion yuan from unemployment insurance funds was refunded in order to help 1.15 million enterprises maintain stable employment, benefiting 72.9 million employees. A total of 2 billion yuan of upskilling subsidies in 1.26 million payments from the unemployment insurance funds was distributed to insured workers, while over 100 billion yuan from the surplus in unemployment insurance funds was spent on upskilling programs, and the yearly target of providing 15 million training places was surpassed. We also rolled out a system for life-long vocational skills training, and continued to augment the development of public vocational training centers.
We used a combination of measures to increase personal incomes, strived to increase the salaries of workers, especially those working on the front lines of production, and carried out oversight and inspections on the resolution of the wage arrears problem. Per capita disposable personal income exceeded 30,000 yuan.
二是社会保障体系进一步完善。基本养老保险覆盖人数达9.68亿人，企业职工基本养老保险基金中央调剂比例从3%提高到3.5%，退休人员基本养老金稳步提高。划转部分国有资本充实社保基金工作全面推开。城乡居民医疗保险和大病保险制度更趋完善，医疗保障扶贫、医保药品目录调整等工作扎实推进。通过工伤保险为194万工伤职工及供养亲属提供待遇保障。全年有461.2万失业人员领取到不同期限的失业保险金，平均每人每月1393元，保障水平稳步提高。稳步推进低保制度城乡统筹，健全低保标准动态调整机制，全面实施特困人员救助供养制度。推进城镇老旧小区改造，城镇棚户区改造开工316万套，大中城市住房租赁市场加快培育。
2) The social security system was further improved.
A total of 968 million people are now covered by basic old-age insurance schemes. We raised the centrally-regulated share of enterprise employees’ basic old-age insurance funds from 3% to 3.5%, and steadily increased basic pension benefits for enterprise retirees.
We carried out the work to transfer a portion of state capital into social security funds nationwide. We further improved the basic medical insurance and serious disease insurance systems for rural and non-working urban residents, and made solid strides in guaranteeing medical insurance for poor people and in adjusting the catalog of medicines covered by medical insurance.
Worker’s compensation benefits were paid out to 1.94 million employees who have suffered work-related injuries and their dependents. We increased unemployment insurance benefits steadily. In 2019, 4.612 million unemployed people received unemployment benefits for varying durations, totaling 1,393 yuan per person per month on average.
We made steady progress in establishing a unified system for subsistence allowances in rural and urban areas, improved the dynamic adjustment mechanism for subsistence allowance standards, and ensured that the system for providing assistance and basic necessities to people in extreme poverty was fully implemented.
We promoted the renovation of old residential communities in cities and towns, began renovations on 3.16 million units of housing in run-down urban areas, and rapidly developed the housing rental market in large and medium-sized cities.
三是公共服务补短板强弱项提质量深入推进。国家财政性教育经费支出占国内生产总值比例继续超过4%，对困难地区和薄弱环节教育投入力度不断加大，九年义务教育巩固率达94.8%，高中阶段教育毛入学率达89.5%，高等教育毛入学率超过50%，高职院校扩招100万人目标顺利完成，分层分类开展国家产教融合建设试点。健康中国行动启动实施，区域医疗中心建设试点稳步开展，药品集中采购和使用试点积极推进，促进中医药传承创新发展的意见印发实施。推进养老服务发展的政策体系更加完善。妇女儿童权益保障工作不断加强，规范托育机构设置和管理，促进3岁以下婴幼儿照护服务发展。食品、药品等重点领域监管不断加强。基本公共文化服务均等化水平不断提高。长城、大运河、长征国家文化公园建设统筹推进。加大对全民健身中心等项目建设支持力度，冬奥会场馆建设有序推进。国家积极应对人口老龄化中长期规划印发实施。年末总人口达14.0005亿人，人口自然增长率3.34‰。
3) Significant progress was made in addressing inadequacies in public services, shoring up points of weakness, and enhancing the quality of service.
Government budgetary spending on education continued to exceed 4% of GDP. We continued to increase funding for education in poor areas and weak sectors. The retention rate in nine-year compulsory education hit 94.8%, while the gross enrollment ratio for senior secondary education reached 89.5%, and the gross enrollment ratio for higher education exceeded 50%, with the goal of increasing student enrollments in vocational colleges by 1 million being achieved. We launched trials of a national initiative for integrating industry and vocational education of different types at different levels.
We launched the Healthy China initiative, advanced trials for the development of regional medical service centers, and promoted trials for centralizing the procurement and use of medicines. We published the Guidelines on Preserving, Innovating, and Developing Traditional Chinese Medicine.
We further refined policies for developing elderly care services. We continued to strengthen the protection of the rights and interests of women and children, regulated the establishment and management of childcare and early childhood education agencies, and promoted the development of care services for children under the age of three.
We continued to strengthen regulation in key areas such as the food and drug sectors. Access to basic public cultural services became more equitable, and the development of the Great Wall, Grand Canal, and Long March national cultural parks was pushed forward in a coordinated manner.
We offered greater support for building public fitness centers. Construction of stadiums and gymnasiums for the 2022 Winter Olympics proceeded in an orderly way.
The National Medium- and Long-Term Plan on Population Aging was published. The country’s total population at the end of 2019 reached 1.40005 billion, with a natural population growth rate of 3.34‰.
从2019年经济社会发展情况看，经济增长、就业、物价、国际收支等主要指标以及创新驱动、资源节约、环境保护、民生保障等领域指标完成情况良好。约束性指标中，受钢铁、建材、有色、化工等行业生产以及服务业保持较快增长等多种因素影响，单位国内生产总值能耗降低指标实际下降2.6%，低于3%左右的计划目标，但该指标2016－2019年的累计降幅已完成“十三五”规划目标任务的87.1%，符合进度要求。预期性指标中，第一产业增加值、社会消费品零售总额、一般公共预算收入和城镇居民人均可支配收入指标的实际运行值与预期值存在一定差距。第一产业增加值预期目标为“增长3.5%左右”，实际增长3.1%，主要原因是猪肉等一些农产品产量出现较大幅度下降，猪肉产量下降21.3%。社会消费品零售总额预期目标为“增长9.0%左右”，实际增长8.0%，主要原因是汽车、家电等传统消费增速放缓，其他消费新增长点尚在培育中。一般公共预算收入预期目标为“增长5.0%”，实际增长3.8%，主要原因是为支持实体经济发展，减税降费规模超过预期。城镇居民人均可支配收入增速预期目标为“与经济增长基本同步”，实际增长5.0%，低于国内生产总值6.1%的增速，主要原因是受城镇居民经营净收入和财产净收入增速有所放缓、物价涨幅高于上年等因素影响。
In assessing economic and social development in 2019, major targets for economic growth, employment, CPI, and the balance of payments, as well as targets concerning innovation, resource conservation, environmental protection, and people’s wellbeing were satisfactorily met.
Due to the rapid growth of steel, building materials, non-ferrous metals, chemicals, and the service sector, one of the obligatory targets—energy consumption per unit of GDP saw an actual reduction of only 2.6%, falling short of the projected target of around 3%. However, the total reduction from 2016 to 2019 achieved a completion rate of 87.1% for the target set in the 13th Five-Year Plan period, and thus was in line with the scheduled reduction for this period.
Of the anticipatory targets, the value-added of primary industry, total retail sales of consumer goods, general government revenue, and urban per capita disposable income all fell short of expectations.
The projected growth in value-added of primary industry was around 3.5%, but the actual increase was only 3.1%. The main reason for this was the sharp decline in the output of pork and some other agricultural products, with a 21.3% reduction in pork output.
The expected growth for total retail sales of consumer goods was approximately 9.0%, but actual growth was only 8.0%. This was mainly due to the fact that there was a slowdown in the growth of traditional forms of consumption like automobiles and home appliances. Other new growth areas in consumer spending are still awaiting development.
General government revenue was projected to grow by 5.0%, but actually grew by only 3.8%, due to the larger-than-expected tax and fee cuts made to support the development of the real economy.
Urban per capita disposable income was set to grow essentially in step with economic growth, but the actual growth rate was 5.0%, which was lower than the 6.1% growth in GDP. This was mainly due to a slowdown in the growth of urban residents’ net incomes from business and property as well as larger price rises compared to the previous year.
