二、2020年经济社会发展总体要求、主要目标和政策取向
II. Overall Requirements, Main Objectives, and Policy Directions for Economic and Social Development in 2020 文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9339.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9339.html
2020年是全面建成小康社会和“十三五”规划收官之年，要实现第一个百年奋斗目标，为“十四五”发展和实现第二个百年奋斗目标打好基础，做好经济社会发展工作十分重要。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9339.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9339.html
The year 2020 is the final year for completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects and for concluding the 13th Five-Year Plan. Our economic and social development work this year will take on added importance, as we seek to complete the first Centenary Goal and to lay a good foundation for progress on the 14th Five-Year Plan and the second Centenary Goal.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9339.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9339.html
（一）总体要求。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9339.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9339.html
1. Overall Requirements 文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9339.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9339.html
要在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻党的十九大和十九届二中、三中、四中全会精神，坚决贯彻党的基本理论、基本路线、基本方略，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，紧扣全面建成小康社会目标任务，统筹推进疫情防控和经济社会发展工作，在疫情防控常态化前提下，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，坚持新发展理念，坚持以供给侧结构性改革为主线，坚持以改革开放为动力推动高质量发展，坚决打好三大攻坚战，加大“六稳”工作力度，保居民就业、保基本民生、保市场主体、保粮食能源安全、保产业链供应链稳定、保基层运转，坚定实施扩大内需战略，维护经济发展和社会稳定大局，确保完成决战决胜脱贫攻坚目标任务，全面建成小康社会。
Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, we must follow the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, implement in full the guiding principles of the Party’s 19th National Congress and the second, third, and fourth plenary sessions of its 19th Central Committee, and firmly act on the Party’s basic theory, line, and policy.
We must strengthen our consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment with the central Party leadership; enhance our confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics; and uphold General Secretary Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and uphold the Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership.
As we focus on the objectives and tasks for completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, we need to coordinate the prevention and control of covid-19 with the task of economic and social development. While ensuring regular prevention and control efforts, we must stay committed to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability and to the new development philosophy. Keeping supply-side structural reform as the main task, we need to draw on the impetus of reform and opening up to promote high-quality development.
We need to secure progress in the three critical battles and step up efforts to ensure stability on six fronts and maintain security in six areas.* We need to firmly pursue the strategy of expanding domestic demand, ensure economic development and social stability, and make sure that we accomplish the targets and tasks for winning the battle against poverty and bring to completion the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects.
(*The six areas refer to job security, basic living needs, operations of market entities, food and energy security, stable industrial and supply chains, and the normal functioning of primary-level governments.)
具体工作中，必须增强底线思维，做好应对各种复杂局面的思想准备和工作准备，深刻认识“六稳”和“六保”是内在统一的，“六保”是今年“六稳”工作的着力点，守住“保”的底线，稳住经济基本盘，进而以保促稳、稳中求进，就能为全面建成小康社会夯实基础。要围绕“六保”加大宏观政策实施力度，落实好已出台应急纾困政策，根据形势变化及时推出新的对冲政策，兜住民生底线。同时，必须紧盯主要目标，讲究策略方法，做到应对外部风险和克服内部挑战相结合、解决当前问题和化解长期矛盾相结合、有效市场和有为政府相结合、尽力而为和量力而行相结合，善于化危为机，确保党中央、国务院决策部署落到实处、见到实效。
In carrying out specific tasks, we need to remain mindful of worst-case scenarios and fully prepare ourselves, both mentally and in our work, for the occurrence of all possible scenarios. It is important to fully appreciate the inherent unity between ensuring stability on the six fronts and maintaining security in the six areas. We must focus on maintaining security in the six areas in order to ensure stability on the six fronts. By doing so, we will be able to keep the fundamentals of the economy stable. Maintaining security will deliver the stability needed to pursue progress, thus laying a solid foundation for accomplishing our goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.
With a focus on maintaining security in the six areas, we need to intensify the implementation of macro policies. We will ensure full implementation of the policies we have already announced to tackle pressing problems and difficulties, and roll out new counter policies in light of new developments, so that we are able to ensure that people’s basic needs are met.
At the same time, we must focus on our main objectives, employ well-conceived tactics and methods, and ensure that we can respond to external risks and meet domestic challenges, solve both short-term and long-standing problems, and give full play to the role of market and better leverage the role of government. We must do everything within our capacity, be adept at turning challenges into opportunities, and make sure that the decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee and the State Council are put into action and achieve real results.
（二）主要预期目标。
2. Main Objectives
按照上述总体要求和工作思路，本着尊重经济规律和实事求是的原则，综合考虑国际与国内、当前与长远、需要与可能，提出2020年经济社会发展主要预期目标：
In accordance with the afore-mentioned requirements and considerations, and adhering to objective economic laws and a pragmatic and realistic approach, we have taken into account our international and domestic imperatives, our present and long-term needs, and what is required and what is possible, and have set the following main objectives for economic and social development in 2020.
——优先稳就业保民生，坚决打赢脱贫攻坚战，努力实现全面建成小康社会目标任务。主要考虑：全球疫情和经贸形势不确定性很大，我国发展面临一些难以预料的影响因素，不对经济增长目标作量化要求，有利于引导各方面继续认真贯彻落实党中央、国务院决策部署，针对当前面临的主要矛盾、困难、问题，将工作重心放在落实“六保”任务和推动经济高质量发展上。同时，今年不提经济增速量化指标，并不意味着不要经济增长，保居民就业、保基本民生，完成脱贫攻坚既定目标任务、实现全面建成小康社会，以及防范化解各类风险，都要有经济增长作为支撑。
- Giving top priority to stabilizing employment and ensuring living standards, winning the battle against poverty, and working to achieve the objectives and tasks for moderate prosperity
Our main considerations in setting this goal were as follows: China will face some factors in its development that are difficult to predict due to the great uncertainty regarding the covid-19 pandemic and the world economic and trade environment. Not setting a quantified target for economic growth this year will allow all sectors to continue implementing the decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee and the State Council and keep the focus of work on the six areas of security and pursuing high-quality growth, so that we can solve the main problems and difficulties facing us at the present moment. At the same time, not quantifying the economic growth target does not mean that we will not pursue economic growth. Efforts to ensure employment and basic living needs, eliminate poverty, achieve moderate prosperity, and forestall and defuse risks all need to be supported by economic growth.
——城镇新增就业900万人以上，全国城镇调查失业率和城镇登记失业率分别为6%左右和5.5%左右。主要考虑：关于城镇新增就业总量，受疫情冲击和经济下行压力加大影响，城镇新增就业压力明显攀升，但考虑到新成长劳动力在城镇就业的需求量，保持相当规模的就业增量是必要的、也是必须的，也体现就业优先政策导向。关于失业率，尽管疫情对就业影响还会持续一段时间，但我们有信心有能力防范化解大规模失业风险，做好稳就业工作。
- Over 9 million new urban jobs, a surveyed national urban unemployment rate of approximately 6%, and a registered urban jobless rate of around 5.5%
In setting these objectives, our main considerations were:
Regarding the target for new urban jobs, the shocks caused by covid-19, as well as mounting downward pressure on the economy, mean that the pressure on the creation of urban jobs has grown significantly. However, given the level of employment demand among new entrants to the workforce in the cities, it is not only necessary but essential to maintain a considerable level of job growth, and this also embodies our jobs-first policy orientation.
With regard to unemployment rates, although the impact of the epidemic is likely to persist for some time to come, we have the confidence and the ability to forestall and defuse risks of large-scale job losses and thus keep employment stable.
——居民消费价格涨幅为3.5%左右。主要考虑：2019年居民消费价格上涨的翘尾影响较大，受疫情影响，2020年还有一些新的涨价因素，价格总体上涨压力仍然较大；同时，3.5%左右的预期目标也兼顾了稳定市场预期的需要。
- A CPI increase of approximately 3.5%
In setting this objective, we have taken into account the following factors: Consumer price increases from 2019 are exerting a significant carryover effect on prices this year, while the adverse impact of the epidemic has added some new inflationary factors, with the upward pressure on prices remaining relatively high. In projecting a CPI increase of around 3.5%, we have also taken into account the need to keep market expectations stable.
——居民收入增长与经济增长基本同步。主要考虑：与全面建成小康社会的目标要求相衔接，更好满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要，更好体现以人民为中心的发展思想。同时，随着乡村振兴战略深入实施、促进居民增收的政策措施逐步落地，2020年实现居民收入增长预期目标是有支撑的。
- Personal income growth that is basically in step with economic growth
This objective is based on the following considerations: It is compatible with the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and it will better serve our people’s growing need for a better life and embody the people-centered development philosophy. Moreover, with implementation of the rural revitalization strategy making progress and policies and measures to boost personal incomes gradually taking effect, this year’s target for personal income growth is an attainable one.
——进出口促稳提质，国际收支基本平衡。主要考虑：2020年外贸增长难度较大，既要努力促进外贸稳定发展、稳定市场预期和企业信心，也要加快培育外贸竞争新优势，推动外贸高质量发展。
- More stable and higher-quality imports and exports and a basic equilibrium in the balance of payments
Our primary considerations for this objective are: Given the relative difficulty of maintaining growth in foreign trade in 2020, we not only need to strive to promote steady growth in foreign trade and keep market expectations and business confidence stable, but also must move quickly to develop new competitive strengths and encourage high-quality development of foreign trade.
——单位国内生产总值能耗和主要污染物排放量继续下降，努力完成“十三五”规划目标任务。主要考虑：虽然到2019年底已完成“十三五”规划确定的单位国内生产总值能耗降低15%目标任务的87.1%，但今年任务仍然十分繁重，特别是疫情对经济增速的影响可能大于对能源消费总量增速的影响，完成规划目标任务需要付出艰苦努力。
- A further drop in energy consumption per unit of GDP and discharge of major pollutants, with major efforts being made to fulfill the targets and tasks in the 13th Five-Year Plan
By the end of last year, we had achieved 87.1% of the 15% reduction in energy consumption per unit of GDP set out in the 13th Five-Year Plan. However, the tasks for this year remain formidable, particularly as the impact of the epidemic on economic growth is likely to be greater than the impact on total energy consumption. Much hard work will be required in order to achieve the target.
（三）主要政策取向。
3. Main Policy Directions
为实现上述目标，需要充分估计疫情对世界经济的冲击影响，在精准施策的前提下，加大宏观政策调节和实施力度，加强宏观政策协调配合，着力稳经济保民生，防止短期冲击演变成趋势性变化。
To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, it is imperative that we make an adequate assessment of the shocks and impact of covid-19 on the global economy, adopt a targeted approach in intensifying macro policy regulation and implementation, strengthen coordination and mutual support between macro policies, and work to keep economic growth stable and guarantee living standards, with a view to preventing short-run shocks from turning into long-term trends.
——积极的财政政策要更加积极有为。2020年财政赤字率拟按3.6%以上安排，财政赤字规模比去年增加1万亿元；中央财政发行抗疫特别国债1万亿元，不计入财政赤字。上述两项措施新增的资金全部给地方，主要用于保居民就业、保基本民生、保市场主体以及支持减税降费、减租降息、扩大消费和投资等。大力优化财政支出结构，坚决压减一般性支出，严禁新建楼堂馆所，严禁铺张浪费，同时保持扶贫、义务教育、基本养老、基本医疗、城乡低保等民生支出只增不减。统筹用好中央财政以前年度结转资金，用于支持完成全面建成小康社会任务、克服疫情对经济的影响、“十四五”规划重点项目等。对于财政受疫情影响较大的地方，加大转移支付力度，保基本民生、保工资、保运转。
We will pursue a more proactive and impactful fiscal policy.
The 2020 deficit-to-GDP ratio is projected at more than 3.6%, with the deficit increased by 1 trillion yuan over last year; the central government will issue 1 trillion yuan of covid-19 bonds this year, which will not be included in the deficit. All these newly increased funds will be transferred in full to local governments to be predominantly used to ensure job security, basic living standards, and the operations of market entities and to support efforts to cut taxes and fees, reduce rental and loan interests, spur consumption, and increase investment.
We will make every effort to optimize the composition of government spending, firmly cut general expenditures, strictly prohibit construction of new government buildings and wasteful and excessive spending, and pledge to increase spending on ensuring people’s wellbeing, including funds for poverty alleviation, compulsory education, basic old-age insurance, basic medical insurance, and urban and rural subsistence allowances. Overall planning will be carried out to use funds carried over from previous years to support efforts to achieve moderate prosperity, overcome the impact of the epidemic on the economy, and carry out major projects in the 14th Five-Year Plan. We will increase transfer payments to local governments whose revenues have been badly affected by the epidemic in order to ensure basic living needs, the payment of salaries, and the normal government functioning.
——稳健的货币政策要更加灵活适度。引导广义货币供应量（M2）和社会融资规模存量增速明显高于去年。综合运用公开市场操作、降息、降准、再贷款、再贴现等工具，保持流动性合理充裕，引导贷款利率进一步下行，带动企业综合融资成本明显下降。延长中小微企业贷款延期还本付息政策，对普惠小微贷款努力做到应延尽延，对部分困难较大的大中型企业协商延期。创新直达实体经济的货币政策工具，提供应急融资支持。引导金融机构加大对中小微企业的信贷投放力度，鼓励发放普惠小微信用贷款。保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定，保持外汇储备规模合理适度。做好金融稳定和风险处置工作，守住不发生系统性风险的底线。
- We will pursue a prudent monetary policy in a more flexible and appropriate manner.
We will guide considerably faster growth in the M2 money supply and aggregate financing in the economy than that achieved last year. We will use a combination of tools, such as open market operations, interest rate cuts, required reserve ratio reductions, re-lending, and rediscounts, to maintain reasonably sufficient liquidity and guide loan interest rates in continuing moving downward, in an effort to reduce the overall financing costs of businesses.
We will continue the policy of allowing micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises to defer their loan repayments; this policy will be extended as far as possible to inclusive loans granted to micro and small businesses, while other businesses facing serious financial difficulties may also have their loan repayments postponed upon negotiation.
New monetary policy tools will be created to directly serve the real economy, providing financing support in the case of emergencies. We will guide financial institutions in increasing the credit supply to micro, small, and medium-sized businesses, and encourage them to grant inclusive credit loans to micro and small businesses.
We will work to keep the RMB exchange rate generally stable at an adaptive, balanced level, and maintain an appropriate scale of foreign exchange reserves. We will ensure financial stability, manage risks effectively, and forestall systemic risks.
——就业优先政策要全面强化。将保居民就业摆在突出位置，根据就业形势变化调整政策力度，稳定就业总量，改善就业结构，提升就业质量。加大援企稳岗力度，因地因企因人分类帮扶，着力防范化解规模失业风险。更好发挥大众创业万众创新对保居民就业的支撑作用，探索相关支持政策鼓励高校毕业生创新创业。引导灵活就业、新就业形态健康发展。强化对高校毕业生、农民工、退役军人等重点群体帮扶，实施部分职业资格“先上岗、再考证”阶段性措施，用好职业技能提升行动专账资金，加强对就业困难人员特别是贫困劳动力的就业援助，确保零就业家庭动态清零。
- We will ensure full, stronger implementation of our employment-first policy.
Giving top priority to protecting job security, we will adjust policy intensity as the employment situation changes, so as to keep the workforce stable, improve the composition of employment, and increase its overall quality.
We will increase support for businesses in keeping their payrolls stable, and provide tailored support and assistance for different areas, enterprises, and groups, so as to forestall and defuse risks of large-scale job losses.
We will make better use of the role of business startups and innovation in creating jobs, and explore ways of using related support policies to encourage college graduates to engage in innovation and start businesses. We will guide the healthy development of flexible employment and new forms of employment.
We will give stronger support to key groups such as college graduates, rural migrant workers, and demobilized military personnel, allow the time-limited practice of getting hired first with later completion of vocational qualifications, make good use of upskilling funds, provide more employment assistance for people who have difficulty finding work, especially those living in poverty, and eliminate the phenomenon of zero-employment families.
——加强宏观政策的统筹协调。加强政策预研储备，促进财政、货币、就业政策与消费、投资、产业、区域等政策协同发力、形成合力。坚定实施扩大内需战略，充分挖掘超大规模市场潜力，发挥消费的基础作用和投资的关键作用，引导资金投向供需共同受益、具有乘数效应的领域，推动国内需求稳步扩大。产业政策要围绕推动制造业高质量发展，坚持政府引导和市场机制相结合，坚持独立自主和开放合作相促进，着力促进产业基础高级化、产业链现代化。强化竞争政策的基础性地位，创造公平竞争制度环境，进一步激发市场活力。区域政策要充分发挥各地区比较优势，以重大项目、重大政策为牵引推动重大区域战略落地，加快形成带动全国高质量发展的新动力源。
- We will step up overall planning and coordination of macro policies.
We will strengthen preparatory research on policy options, and promote greater coordination and synergy between fiscal, monetary, employment, consumption, investment, industrial, and regional policies.
We will firmly implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand, fully tap the potential of our enormous market, give full play to the basic role of consumption and the key role of investment, guide investment toward areas that have benefits for both supply and demand sides and multiplier effects, and push for the steady expansion of domestic demand.
To promote high-quality development of manufacturing, our industrial policies need to combine government guidance with market mechanisms, allow independent development and opening up and cooperation to mutually reinforce one another, and focus on upgrading industrial foundations and modernizing industrial chains.
We will strengthen the fundamental position of competition policies, and create an institutional environment that encourages fair competition, thereby further boosting market dynamism.
We will ensure that regional policies give full play to the comparative advantages of each region, use major projects and policies to lead the implementation of major regional development strategies, and work faster to foster new drivers for high-quality development nationwide.
