二、大力实施积极的就业政策
II. Implementation of Proactive Policies on Employment文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9779.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9779.html
近年来，新疆更加注重制定实施有利于扩大就业的经济社会发展战略，及时健全完善各项促进就业政策，努力实现劳动者稳定就业、持续就业、长期就业。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9779.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9779.html
In recent years, Xinjiang has formulated and put in place economic and social development strategies conducive to expanding employment, and has improved various policies to facilitate employment, with the goal of helping local people achieve stable, continuous, and long-term employment.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9779.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9779.html
优化产业结构扩充就业容量。紧紧抓住“一带一路”建设机遇，完善多元化产业体系，既注重发展资本、技术和知识密集的先进制造业和新兴产业，又大力发展纺织服装、消费电子、鞋帽箱包等劳动密集型产业，以及电子商务、文化创意、全域旅游、健康养老等现代服务业，着力拓展就业空间，扩大就业规模。2012年成立的新疆准东经济技术开发区，立足优势资源转换，大力发展新材料、新能源等六大产业，截至2019年底，已吸纳8万余人就业。2014年以来，国家大力支持新疆纺织业发展，仅2017年至2019年全疆纺织服装产业新增就业35万人。喀什地区重点发展农副产品加工、电子产品组装等产业，积极引进和培育相关企业入驻园区并向乡村生产车间延伸。截至2019年底，该地区有农副产品加工企业210家，吸纳就业1.67万人，各类园区落户工业企业1406家，吸纳就业8.41万人。阿克苏地区加强产教融合，推动纺织服装企业与职业院校联合办学，带动3.24万人就业。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9779.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9779.html
Upgrading the industrial structure to increase employment. Xinjiang has seized the development opportunities brought by the Belt and Road Initiative to diversify its industrial structure, promoting capital-, technology- and knowledge-intensive advanced manufacturing industries and emerging industries, boosting labor-intensive industries such as textiles and garments, shoes and accessories, and consumer electronics, and encouraging modern service industries such as e-commerce, cultural and creative businesses, all-area-advancing tourism, health care, and elderly care, all with a view to expanding the capacity and scale of employment.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9779.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9779.html
In 2012, Xinjiang Zhundong Economic and Technological Development Zone was established, utilizing competitive resources to develop six pillar industries, including new materials and new energy. By the end of 2019, the development zone was providing employment for more than 80,000 people. Since 2014, the state has given strong support to Xinjiang’s textiles industry, which created 350,000 new jobs from 2017 to 2019.
帮助重点群体实现稳定就业。对农村富余劳动力，重点实施就地就近就业政策，因地制宜建立乡村“卫星工厂”“扶贫车间”吸纳就业，扶持农村劳务合作组织带动就业，推动产业（工业）园区稳定就业，发展旅游产业促进就业。聚焦南疆地区22个深度贫困县和兵团四个深度贫困团场，实施就业扶贫三年规划，2018年至2020年6月，累计帮助22.1万名建档立卡贫困家庭劳动力转移就业。在喀什、和田两个地区，实施城乡富余劳动力转移就业三年规划，2017年至2019年，累计帮助13.5万人转移就业。在全疆对就业困难人员和零就业家庭，实行实名动态管理和分类精准帮扶，做到“出现一户，认定一户，帮扶一户，稳定一户”。2014年至2019年，累计帮助33.43万名城镇就业困难人员实现就业，确保零就业家庭24小时动态清零。对高校毕业生，实施就业创业促进计划、基层成长计划、“三支一扶”计划、青年就业启航计划等，引导和鼓励毕业生到基层就业、到企业就业和自主创业。2019年，新疆高校应届毕业生就业率达90.36%，返疆内地高校新疆籍少数民族毕业生就业率达95.08%，均创历史新高。
Prioritizing the development of agro-product processing and electronics assembly, Kashgar Prefecture has attracted related enterprises to its industrial development zones (IDZs) and helped them expand their production to rural areas. By the end of 2019, the prefecture had 210 agro-product processing enterprises providing 16,700 jobs, and 1,406 industrial enterprises located in the various IDZs providing 84,100 jobs.
Aksu Prefecture has been integrating industry and vocational education, offering joint education programs by textile and garment enterprises and vocational schools, and has facilitated employment for 32,400 people.
Assisting key groups to obtain stable employment. Xinjiang has adopted a policy to encourage surplus rural labor to work in or near their hometowns, developing “satellite factories” and “poverty alleviation workshops” in light of local conditions to create jobs, supporting rural organizations for labor service cooperation to facilitate employment, promoting IDZs to stabilize employment, and developing tourism to boost employment.
Xinjiang has launched a three-year program to intensify its poverty alleviation efforts in 22 extremely poor counties in its south and 4 extremely poor regimental farms under the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. From 2018 to June 2020, the local government helped 221,000 people from registered poor households in southern Xinjiang to find work outside their hometowns. In Kashgar and Hotan prefectures, a three-year relocation assistance program from 2017 to 2019 for both urban and rural surplus labor helped 135,000 people to find jobs outside their hometowns.
Xinjiang has provided dynamic, categorized and targeted assistance to people having difficulty finding work and to zero-employment households in the entire autonomous region – having each and every one of them identified, registered, assisted, and ensured stable employment. From 2014 to 2019, Xinjiang provided jobs for 334,300 urban residents having difficulty finding work, and ensured that zero-employment households found jobs within 24 hours once they were identified.
For university graduates, Xinjiang has implemented a number of plans to facilitate employment and the creation of new businesses, to guide them to work and grow at primary-level organizations, to encourage them to take up primary-level posts in education, agriculture, health care, and poverty alleviation in rural areas, and to help long-term unemployed youth find jobs. In 2019, the employment rate of university graduates in Xinjiang reached 90.4 percent, and the employment rate of ethnic minorities who graduated from universities in other parts of China and returned to Xinjiang reached 95.1 percent, both figures representing record highs.
支持创新创业带动就业。把创新作为扩大就业的新引擎，大力推进放管服改革，降低市场准入门槛，持续完善创业扶持政策，落实创业担保贷款及贴息、自主创业补贴、税费减免，支持有意愿、有条件的创业者创业。培育创新创业载体，加强创业服务能力建设，加快发展市场化、专业化、集成化、网络化的众创空间，为创业者提供更多的创业平台和均等化服务。目前，新疆已建设国家级创业孵化示范基地5个，自治区级（兵团级）创业孵化示范基地27个，累计孵化小微企业1412家，带动就业10121人。培育支持吸纳就业能力强的创新型创业企业和带头人，鼓励发展“互联网+创业”，切实发挥创业带动就业的倍增效应。2019年，仅和田地区发放创业担保贷款9.1亿元，帮助高校毕业生、农村劳动力、就业困难人员等1.25万人创业。昌吉市萧民等6名妇女在当地人社部门的扶持下，创办了新疆巾帼众心人力资源服务有限公司，逐步成长为集人力资源服务、劳务派遣、后勤托管、政策咨询、信息化建设等多项业务为一体的劳务产业供应链龙头企业，有各族员工4800多人，为全疆318家企事业单位提供劳务服务，累计安置失业人员、农村富余劳动力3万多人次，实现总产值1.56亿元。
Encouraging innovation and entrepreneurship to generate employment. Xinjiang promotes innovation as a new engine for creating jobs, and advances reform to streamline administration, delegate power, improve regulation and upgrade services. To encourage people who are eager and eligible to start their own businesses, the local government eases market access, improves policies in support of business startups, and sees to it that guaranteed loans, interest subsidies, allowances and tax breaks for startups are implemented. Xinjiang fosters platforms for innovation and entrepreneurship, improves capacity building for startups, and develops makerspaces which are market-oriented, professional, integrated and networked, to provide young entrepreneurs with more platforms and equal access to services.
Currently, Xinjiang has 5 business incubation demonstration bases at national level and 27 at provincial and equivalent level, which have fostered 1,412 micro and small businesses and created more than 10,000 jobs. Xinjiang supports innovation-driven startups and entrepreneurs as capable job creators, and encourages Internet plus entrepreneurship to multiply employment opportunities.
In 2019, Hotan Prefecture alone issued RMB910 million guaranteed loans for business startups, which helped 12,500 people to start businesses, including university graduates, rural workers and people having difficulty finding work. Xiao Min and five other women from Changji City, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture founded a human resources service company. It has become a leader of the local labor supply chain, integrating human resource services, dispatch of labor, logistics outsourcing, policy consultancy, and IT application. It has more than 4,800 employees from various ethnic groups and serves 318 enterprises and public institutions across the whole of Xinjiang. It has provided jobs for more than 30,000 unemployed and surplus rural laborers, and has created a total value of RMB156 million.
开展技能培训促进就业。根据劳动力市场需求，着眼提升劳动者就业能力、增强就业稳定性，通过发展高等职业技术学院、中等专业技术学校、技工院校、就业培训中心、企业职工培训中心、职业技能教育培训中心等职业教育和培训机构，积极开展基本劳动素质培训和订单、定岗、定向就业技能培训，构建了比较完整的职业教育和培训体系。以和田地区为例，2019年共有10.33万农牧民参加就业技能培训，实现就业9.83万人，就业率达95.16%。
Providing vocational training to facilitate employment. Based on the market demand for labor, Xinjiang focuses on improving employability of workers and promoting stable employment. It has developed a complete system of vocational education and training, including colleges for higher vocational and technical education, secondary technical schools, technical institutes, job placement training centers, employee training centers, and vocational education and training centers, with the goal of raising the basic quality of trainees and organizing training oriented to specific demands, jobs and employers. In 2019, Hotan Prefecture alone provided vocational training for 103,300 farmers and herders, of whom 98,300 found work, with an employment rate of over 95 percent.
发挥制度优势拓宽就业渠道。新疆充分发挥中华民族大家庭各民族平等互助、共同发展进步的制度优势，利用国家对口援疆机制，统筹疆内疆外就业岗位，为各族群众到内地省（市）就业积极创造条件。2014年以来，已有11.7万人转移至收入更高的内地省（市）就业。新疆按照“按需培训、先培训后输出”的原则，开展以国家通用语言文字、法律知识、城市生活常识、劳动技能等为主要内容的就业培训。转移就业人员到达就业所在地后，由企业安排住宿，提供被褥、洗漱品等日常生活用品，保障务工人员的住宿条件。部分省（市）企业还为务工人员提供公租房、廉租房、夫妻房。新疆及时为转移就业人员办理异地就业备案手续，解决转移就业人员在当地看病就医问题。内地省（市）及企业及时帮助转移就业人员解决子女入托、上学等问题，推动务工人员与当地群众共事共学共享共乐。
Leveraging institutional strengths to expand employment channels. China has institutional strengths that promote equality and mutual assistance among all ethnic groups towards common development and progress. It has also formed a mechanism in which better-developed provinces pair up with and provide assistance for various parts of Xinjiang. Fully leveraging these strengths and this mechanism, Xinjiang coordinates jobs in and outside the autonomous region, to create favorable conditions for its local residents to work in other parts of China.
Since 2014, 117,000 people in Xinjiang have achieved employment with higher income in other parts of the country. Following the principle of “providing training according to market demand and before dispatching workers”, Xinjiang has organized employment-oriented training on standard spoken and written Chinese, relevant legal knowledge, general knowhow of urban life, and labor skills. Recipients of relocation assistance are provided by their employers with daily necessities and proper accommodation. In some provinces, enterprises provide them with public rental housing, low-rent housing, or housing for couples. Xinjiang provides timely registration and certification services for those who find employment through relocation assistance, to facilitate their medical care in their host provinces. Employers and host provinces help guarantee their children’s access to kindergartens and schools, and help them integrate into local life and share local resources.
克服疫情困难稳就业保民生。针对新冠肺炎疫情带来的不利影响，新疆统筹推进疫情防控和经济社会发展，扎实做好稳就业、稳金融、稳外贸、稳外资、稳投资、稳预期工作，全面落实保居民就业、保基本民生、保市场主体、保粮食能源安全、保产业链供应链稳定、保基层运转任务，实行减负、稳岗、扩就业等多项措施，实施阶段性、有针对性的减税降费政策，积极推动企业复工达产，有效推进复商复市，着力提升投资和产业带动就业能力。截至2020年6月底，全疆共减免企业养老、失业、工伤三项社会保险费75.53亿元，大型企业减半征收18.95亿元，中小微企业全免56.58亿元。核准缓缴困难企业社会保险费7.06亿元，惠及1237家企业。为8.31万户企业返还失业保险费9.04亿元，惠及职工183.61万人。55.24万人享受各项就业补贴16.95亿元。实现城镇新增就业33.97万人，新增创业4.18万人、带动就业6.95万人，就业困难人员实现就业3.16万人。农村富余劳动力转移就业256.5万人次，同比增长46.1%。通过多措并举，新疆在常态化疫情防控条件下，取得了扩大就业、保障民生的重要阶段性成果。
Securing employment and public wellbeing in the face of Covid-19. In response to the impact of Covid-19, Xinjiang has coordinated epidemic prevention and control with social and economic development. It has worked hard to stabilize employment, finance, foreign trade, inbound investment, domestic investment, and market expectations, and has put in place measures to guarantee jobs, daily living needs, food and energy, industrial and supply chains, the interests of market players, and the smooth functioning of grassroots government. The local government has taken multiple measures to alleviate economic difficulties and stabilize and boost employment, and adopted policies offering periodical and targeted cuts in taxes and other employer contributions, aiming to facilitate the resumption of production and business activities, and increase employment generated by investment and industries.
Through all these measures, Xinjiang has achieved significant progress in increasing employment and ensuring public wellbeing while implementing Covid-19 control on an ongoing basis. This can be exemplified by the following statistics as of the end of June 2020:
– cuts of some RMB7.6 billion to old-age insurance, unemployment insurance, and work-related injury compensation insurance paid by enterprises, which represents a 50 percent reduction of RMB1.9 billion for large enterprises, and a complete exemption of RMB5.7 billion for micro, small and medium enterprises.
– approval to 1,237 enterprises in difficulties to postpone the payment of their social insurance premiums, totaling RMB706 million.
– reimbursement of unemployment insurance premiums of RMB904 million to 83,100 enterprises, benefiting 1.8 million employees.
– provision of various employment subsidies totaling about RMB1.7 billion to 552,400 people.
– creation of 339,700 new jobs in cities and towns, 41,800 new businesses hiring 69,500 employees, and jobs for 31,600 people with difficulty finding work.
– placement of 2.6 million surplus rural workers through relocation, a year-on-year increase of 46.1 percent.
