五、中国军队服务构建人类命运共同体
V. Contributing to Building a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9783.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9783.html
当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局，新冠肺炎疫情全球大流行使这个大变局加速变化，国际安全形势不稳定性不确定性增加，世界和平面临多元威胁。联合国维和行动受制因素日趋增多，职能任务日趋繁重，安全环境日趋复杂，面临多重挑战和考验。中国将继续发挥安理会常任理事国作用，坚定支持和参与联合国维和行动，积极响应联合国“为维和而行动”倡议，支持对联合国维和行动进行合理必要改革，为建设持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界作出应有贡献。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9783.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9783.html
The world is going through profound changes unseen in a century, and the COVID-19 pandemic is accelerating such changes. Uncertainties and destabilizing factors in the international security situation are on the rise, and there are diverse threats to world peace. The UNPKOs are faced with multiple challenges, including increasing constraints, heavier tasks, and a more complex security environment. China will continue to play its part as a permanent member of the UN Security Council, firmly support and participate in the UNPKOs, actively respond to the Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, and support reasonable and necessary reforms in the UNPKOs. China will contribute its fair share to building an open, inclusive, clean, and beautiful world that enjoys lasting peace, universal security and common prosperity.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9783.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9783.html
（一）秉持人类命运共同体理念，携手维护世界和平文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9783.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9783.html
1. Upholding the Vision of a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind and Working Together to Promote World Peace文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9783.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9783.html
当今世界，冲突地区人民依然饱受战乱之苦，对和平的渴望更加强烈，对联合国的期待更加殷切，对维和行动的期盼更加迫切。各国应相互尊重、平等相待，以最大诚意和耐心，坚持通过对话协商解决矛盾和问题，不能动辄诉诸武力或以武力相威胁，破坏世界和平、损害主权国家利益。各国应增强人类命运共同体意识，弘扬人道主义精神，更加坚定支持和积极参加联合国维和行动。中国将继续履行大国责任，加大对联合国维和行动的支持力度，同其他国家一道，推动联合国维和行动改革朝着健康合理方向发展。中国军队将继续加大联合国维和行动参与力度，全面提升维和能力，忠实履行使命任务，为维护世界和平作出更大贡献。
In today’s world, people in conflict-ridden areas are still suffering. They have a deep yearning for peace, higher hopes of the UN, and greater expectations of peacekeeping operations. Countries should treat each other with respect and equality. Disputes and problems should be settled through dialogue and consultation with the maximum sincerity and patience. No country should willfully resort to threat or use of force, or undermine world peace and the national interests of sovereign states. Instead, countries should commit themselves to raising the awareness that people across the world are members of a community of shared destiny. They should uphold humanitarianism, and increase support for and participation in the UNPKOs. China will continue to fulfill its responsibilities as a major country, scale up support for and involvement in the UNPKOs, and join forces with other countries to promote a sound and reasonable UN peacekeeping reform. China’s armed forces will endeavor to play a stronger role in the UNPKOs, comprehensively improve peacekeeping capability, faithfully fulfill their responsibilities, and contribute more to world peace.
（二）推动完善维和行动体系，标本兼治解决冲突根源
2. Improving the Peacekeeping System and Addressing Both the Symptoms and Root Causes of Conflict
发展和安全并重，标本兼治解决冲突根源，和平才可持续。维和行动既要同预防外交、维护和平纵向衔接，也要同政治斡旋、推进法治、民族和解、民生改善等横向配合。中国支持联合国构建更加完善的维和行动体系，在聚焦维和行动根本任务的同时，将有限的资源更多投入发展领域，充分尊重当事国政府根据国情自主选择社会制度和发展道路的权利，尊重当事国人民的生存权和发展权，使当事国能够集中力量进行发展重建，巩固和平成果，实现可持续和平。中国军队在维和行动中，将一如既往为冲突国家和地区创造安全稳定环境，积极参与医疗卫生、人道救援、环境保护、民生发展、社会重建等工作，提供更多公共服务产品，努力使当地人民享受和平发展的红利。
Only by giving equal attention to development and security and by addressing both the symptoms and root causes of conflict can sustainable peace be assured. Peacekeeping operations should be aligned with preventive diplomacy and other peace-related endeavors, and at the same time coordinated with political mediation, rule of law, national reconciliation, and improvement of living standards. China supports the UN in improving the peacekeeping system. With a focus on the primary tasks of the UNPKOs, a bigger share of limited resources should be allocated to development. China advocates that the rights of host-nation governments to independently choose social systems and development paths based on their national conditions, and local people’s rights to subsistence and development should be respected. Only then will host nations be able to focus on development and reconstruction so that peacekeeping gains and sustainable peace are secured. In the UNPKOs, China’s armed forces will, as always, contribute to a safe and stable environment for countries and regions in conflict. They will actively participate in medical support and health care, humanitarian assistance, environmental protection, improving lives, and social reconstruction, and provide more public services to enable the local people to enjoy the benefits of peaceful development.
（三）坚持共商共建优势互补，构筑新型维和伙伴关系
3. Pursuing Extensive Consultation, Joint Contribution, and Mutual Complementarity and Building a New Type of Peacekeeping Partnership
出兵国和出资国都是维和行动的重要贡献者。各国在维和领域应承担起各自应有责任，按照共商共建原则，优势互补，形成合力。中国支持联合国积极构筑维和伙伴关系，加强安理会、秘书处同出兵国和当事国在维和行动方面的协调，加强与区域和次区域组织在维和方面的分工协作。中国军队将积极响应联合国倡导的三方合作机制，在技术、装备、人员、资金等方面为其他出兵国以及区域或次区域组织维和行动提供力所能及的支持。
Both TCCs and FCCs are important contributors to the UNPKOs. In peacekeeping, all countries should shoulder their respective responsibilities, follow the principles of consultation and collaboration, and leverage each other’s strengths for greater synergy. China supports the UN’s efforts to improve peacekeeping partnerships by strengthening coordination among the Security Council, the Secretariat, TCCs and host nations, and optimizing the UN’s coordination and collaboration with regional and sub-regional organizations. China’s armed forces will actively respond to the triangular cooperation initiated by the UN, and provide all possible support to other TCCs and regional and sub-regional organizations in terms of technology, equipment, personnel and funding.
（四）支持改进安理会维和授权，全面提升维和行动效能
4. Supporting the UN Efforts to Refine Security Council Mandates and Improve Peacekeeping Effectiveness
安理会授权是维和特派团开展行动的依据和指南，是决定维和行动合法性和有效性的关键因素。制定和更新维和行动授权，要综合考虑当事国国情和实际需求，以及出兵国能力等各方面因素，并根据需求变化，不断调整各阶段优先任务和工作重点。中国支持联合国设立绩效问责机制，节约使用资源，加强高新技术运用，提高维和行动效能，确保维和行动发挥应有作用。中国支持联合国采取多种措施，帮助发展中国家加强维和维稳能力建设、提升人员素质和装备水平、增强维和部队履职能力。中国军队将继续为各国培训更多的优秀专业人才。
Security Council mandates are the basis and guidelines for UN peacekeeping missions, and a decisive factor in the legitimacy and effectiveness of the UNPKOs. When developing and renewing peacekeeping mandates, it is necessary to take into account various factors such as national conditions and the actual needs of host nations, and the capability of the TCCs. It is also important to reset the priorities and main lines of action at each phase in accordance with changing needs. China supports the establishment of an accountability mechanism for peacekeeping performance by the UN, the economic use of resources, and the employment of advanced technology with a view to improving the effectiveness of the UNPKOs and fulfilling the role they are expected to play. China is in favor of the UN measures in helping developing countries build peacekeeping and stabilization capability, improving troop and equipment capacities, and enabling peacekeeping forces to perform their duties. China’s armed forces will continue to train more excellent professionals for other countries.
（五）充分发挥能力待命机制作用，提高快速反应水平
5. Giving Full Play to the PCRS and Enhancing Rapid Response
联合国维和能力待命机制是快速应对危机冲突的重要保障。中国支持联合国推动维和能力待命机制建设，优先选择和部署符合联合国标准的待命部队。中国军队将按照相关机制建设要求，继续加强8000人规模维和待命部队建设，保持高水平待命状态，可根据需要派遣水面舰艇、快反等多种类型部队参加维和行动。
The PCRS is an important guarantee for the UN’s rapid response to crises and conflicts. China supports the UN in strengthening the PCRS and will first select and deploy the units of the standby force that meet the UN standards. China’s armed forces will follow the PCRS criteria, continue to build the 8,000-troop peacekeeping standby force and maintain a high level of preparedness. Surface ships, rapid response units and other capabilities can be provided to the UNPKOs if needed.
（六）积极应对多种风险威胁，切实保障维和人员安全
6. Proactively Addressing Risks and Threats and Ensuring the Safety and Security of Peacekeepers
维和行动环境日益恶化和复杂，只有确保维和人员自身安全，才能更有效地执行联合国安理会授权。中国主张维和行动应系统性应对日益增长的传统及非传统安全威胁，支持联合国综合施策，加强信息搜集和分享，提高预警和威胁感知能力，改善安防装备和设施，提升医疗救护水平，加强传染病防治应对，全方位保障维和人员的安全与健康。
The operational environment of the UN missions is becoming more hostile and complicated. Only by ensuring the personal safety and security of peacekeepers can the mandates of UN Security Council be effectively fulfilled. With a view to fully protecting the safety, security and health of peacekeepers, China advocates a systematic approach to addressing the increasing traditional and non-traditional security threats, and stands for comprehensive UN solutions to strengthen information collection and sharing, reinforce early warning and risk awareness, upgrade security equipment and facilities, improve medical services, and enhance the prevention and control of infectious diseases.
结束语
Closing Remarks
75年前，世界人民经过浴血奋战，付出巨大代价和牺牲，取得了反法西斯战争胜利，建立了以联合国为核心的国际体系。回顾历史，更加感受到和平的来之不易和守护和平的艰难。当前，人类正站在何去何从的十字路口，和平还是战争，合作还是对抗，进步还是倒退，是各国需要面对的重大课题。
Seventy-five years ago, people across the world won an epic victory against fascism, following a heroic struggle and huge sacrifice. A UN-centered international system was then established. Looking back through history, people are more keenly aware that peace has not come easily and to safeguard it requires great effort. At present, humanity is at a crossroads: Peace or war, cooperation or confrontation, progress or regress – these are significant choices that all countries need to make.
和平需要争取，和平需要维护。中国坚定不移走和平发展道路，也希望各国都走和平发展道路。只有各国都走和平发展道路，才能共同发展、和平相处，世界才能真正实现和平。中国军队将一如既往支持联合国维和行动，履行守护和平的庄严承诺，给冲突地区带去更多信心，让当地人民看到更大希望。中国愿同所有爱好和平的国家一道，坚定捍卫和践行多边主义，坚定维护以联合国为核心的国际体系，坚定维护以《联合国宪章》宗旨和原则为基石的国际关系基本准则，推动构建人类命运共同体，携手建设更加美好的世界。
Peace needs to be fought for and safeguarded. China is firmly committed to the path of peaceful development, and hopes that other countries will also pursue peaceful development. Only when all countries do so, can common development, peaceful coexistence, and world peace be secured. As always, China’s armed forces will continue to provide unfailing support for the UNPKOs, fulfill their commitments to safeguarding peace, and bring greater confidence and hope to conflict-ridden areas and local people. China is ready to join hands with all peace-loving nations to champion and pursue multilateralism, and uphold the international system centered on the UN and the basic norms of international relations underpinned by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter. China will exert itself in building a community with a shared future for mankind, and in making the world a better place.
附录1 中国军队参加联合国维和行动大事记
Annex I Timeline of Activities in UNPKOs
1990年4月，中国军队向联合国停战监督组织派遣5名军事观察员，开启中国军队参加联合国维和行动的序幕。
In April 1990, China’s armed forces dispatched five military observers to UNTSO and embarked on a new voyage as a participant in the UNPKOs.
1992年4月，中国军队向联合国柬埔寨临时权力机构派出由400名官兵组成的维和工程兵大队，首次成建制参加联合国维和行动。
In April 1992, China’s armed forces dispatched an engineer unit of 400 troops to UNTAC. This was the first formed military unit committed by China to the UNPKOs.
2000年9月，中国国家主席江泽民出席联合国安理会首脑会议，就安理会的作用、联合国维和行动及非洲问题等发表讲话。
In September 2000, Chinese President Jiang Zemin addressed the UN Security Council summit and expanded on China’s stance on the functions of the Security Council, the UNPKOs and African issues.
2001年12月，中国国防部维和事务办公室成立，负责协调和管理军队维和工作，开展对外维和事务交流等任务。
In December 2001, the Peacekeeping Affairs Office of the MND of the PRC was established. The office took on the responsibility for coordinating and managing the peacekeeping affairs of China’s armed forces, and conducting international peacekeeping exchanges.
2002年2月，中国正式加入联合国一级维和待命安排机制，指定1个工程建筑营、1个二级医院和2个运输连为联合国待命安排部队，承诺在接到联合国派兵请求后90天内部署到维和任务区。
In February 2002, China officially joined the United Nations Standby Arrangement System (UNSAS) level 1 and specified one engineer battalion, one level-2 hospital and two transport companies as UN peacekeeping standby units. These were pledged to deploy to mission areas within 90 days of a request made by the UN.
2003年4月，中国军队向联合国刚果民主共和国特派团派出维和分队，包括1支175人工兵分队和1支43人医疗分队。
In April 2003, China’s armed forces dispatched an engineer unit of 175 troops and a medical unit of 43 troops to MONUC.
2003年12月，中国军队向联合国利比里亚特派团派出维和部队，包括1支275人工兵分队、1支240人运输分队和1支43人医疗分队。
In December 2003, China’s armed forces dispatched an engineer unit of 275 troops, a transport unit of 240 troops and a medical unit of 43 troops to UNMIL.
2006年4月，中国军队向联合国驻黎巴嫩临时部队派出1支182人工兵分队。
In April 2006, China’s armed forces dispatched an engineer unit of 182 troops to UNIFIL.
2006年5月，中国军队向联合国苏丹特派团派出维和部队，包括1支275人工兵分队、1支100人运输分队和1支60人医疗分队。
In May 2006, China’s armed forces dispatched an engineer unit of 275 troops, a transport unit of 100 troops and a medical unit of 60 troops to UNMIS.
2007年1月，中国军队向联合国驻黎巴嫩临时部队增派1支60人医疗分队，并将工兵分队扩编至275人。
In January 2007, China’s armed forces dispatched an additional medical unit of 60 troops to UNIFIL and expanded the engineer unit to 275 troops.
2007年2月，中国国家主席胡锦涛在对利比里亚进行国事访问期间，视察慰问在当地执行维和任务的中国官兵，并题词：“忠实履行使命，维护世界和平”。
In February 2007, during his state visit to Liberia, Chinese President Hu Jintao visited China’s peacekeeping troops deployed on the UN mission there, and wrote words of encouragement: “Fulfill missions faithfully and safeguard world peace.”
2007年9月，赵京民少将就任联合国西撒哈拉全民投票特派团司令，成为首位担任联合国维和部队高级指挥官的中国军人。
In September 2007, Major General Zhao Jingmin was appointed as Force Commander of MINURSO. He was the first Chinese military officer to assume a senior command position in the UN peacekeeping forces.
2007年11月，中国军队向非盟－联合国达尔富尔混合行动派出1支315人多功能工兵分队，成为第一支进驻该地区的联合国维和部队。
In November 2007, China’s armed forces dispatched a multipurpose engineer unit of 315 troops to UNAMID. The unit was the first UN peacekeeping force to enter the mission area.
2009年6月，中国国防部维和中心成立，担负中国军队维和培训、理论研究、国际合作与交流等任务。
In June 2009, the Peacekeeping Center of the MND of the PRC was established, which took over the responsibility for peacekeeping training, research and international cooperation for China’s armed forces.
2009年6月至7月，中国军队与蒙古国军队首次举行代号为“维和使命－2009”的维和联合训练，这是中国军队首次与外军开展维和联合训练。
From June to July 2009, China’s armed forces held a joint exercise codenamed Peacekeeping Mission-2009 with their Mongolian counterparts. This was China’s first joint peacekeeping exercise with a foreign force.
2010年9月，中国国防部维和事务办公室与联合国维和行动部在中国北京共同举办“联合国维和特派团高级官员国际培训班”，这是中国军队首次举办维和高级培训。
In September 2010, the Peacekeeping Affairs Office of the MND of the PRC and the UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations (UNDPO) co-hosted the UN Senior Mission Leaders’ Course in Beijing, China – the first senior-level peacekeeping training program held by China’s armed forces.
2011年3月，中国国防部维和事务办公室与联合国维和行动部首次共同举办“联合国维和教官国际培训班”。
In March 2011, UN Training of Trainers Course was co-hosted by the Peacekeeping Affairs Office of the MND of the PRC and the UNDPO for the first time.
2011年7月，中国赴联合国苏丹特派团维和工兵分队和维和医疗分队转隶新成立的联合国南苏丹特派团，维和运输分队完成任务回撤归国。
In July 2011, Chinese engineer and medical units committed to UNMIS were transferred to the newly-established UNMISS. The transport unit completed its tasks and returned home.
2013年6月，联合国秘书长潘基文访华期间参观访问中国国防部维和中心。
In June 2013, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon paid a visit to China, during which he visited the Peacekeeping Center of the MND of the PRC.
2013年12月，中国军队向联合国马里多层面综合稳定特派团派遣维和部队，包括1支155人工兵分队、1支170人警卫分队和1支70人医疗分队。
In December 2013, China’s armed forces dispatched an engineer unit of 155 troops, a force protection unit of 170 troops and a medical unit of 70 troops to MINUSMA.
2014年10月，中国国防部维和事务办公室、中国国际战略学会、瑞典伯纳德特学院在北京举办“和平行动挑战论坛”2014年年会，联合国和19个国家共86名代表参加。
In October 2014, the Peacekeeping Affairs Office of the MND of the PRC hosted the International Forum for the Challenges of Peace Operations 2014 in collaboration with the China Institute for International Strategic Studies and Folke Bernadotte Academy of Sweden. Eighty-six delegates from the UN and 19 countries participated in the event.
2015年1月，中国军队首次向联合国南苏丹特派团派遣1支700人维和步兵营。
In January 2015, China’s armed forces dispatched the first infantry battalion of 700 troops to UNMISS.
2015年4月，中国与越南两国国防部长在北京签署两国国防部维和领域合作备忘录。
In April 2015, the defense ministers of China and Vietnam signed an MOU on peacekeeping cooperation.
2015年5月，中国军队向联合国驻黎巴嫩临时部队增派1支200人建筑工兵分队。
In May 2015, China’s armed forces dispatched an additional construction engineer unit of 200 troops to UNIFIL.
2015年6月，中国军队首次派实兵赴蒙古国参加“可汗探索”多国维和演习。
In June 2015, China’s armed forces sent troops to participate for the first time in the Khan Quest multinational peacekeeping exercise in Mongolia.
2015年6月，中国国防部维和事务办公室与联合国妇女署共同举办保护平民国际培训班。
In June 2015, the UN Peacekeeping Operations Protection of Civilians Course was co-hosted by the Peacekeeping Affairs Office of the MND of the PRC and the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women).
2015年9月，中国国家主席习近平出席联合国维和峰会并发表讲话，提出中国支持和改进联合国维和行动的4点主张和6项承诺。
In September 2015, Chinese President Xi Jinping addressed the Leaders’ Summit on Peacekeeping at UNHQ and put forth four propositions and six measures that China would take to support and improve the UNPKOs.
2015年11月，中国军队在联合国总部举办“为和平而来——中国军队参加联合国维和行动25周年图片展”。
In November 2015, China’s armed forces held a photo exhibition entitled “In Course of Peace – Celebrating the 25th Anniversary of China’s Armed Forces in UN Peacekeeping Operations” at UNHQ.
2016年7月，联合国秘书长潘基文访华期间，参观访问中国军队首批赴苏丹达尔富尔维和直升机分队。
In July 2016, during his visit to China, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon visited the first peacekeeping helicopter unit to be dispatched to Sudan’s Darfur by China’s armed forces.
2017年1月，中国国家主席习近平在联合国日内瓦总部出席“共商共筑人类命运共同体”高级别会议，发表题为《共同构建人类命运共同体》的主旨演讲，深刻、全面、系统阐述人类命运共同体理念。
In January 2017, Chinese President Xi Jinping delivered a keynote speech entitled “Work Together to Build a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind” and provided a profound, comprehensive and systematic analysis of the vision of building a community with a shared future for mankind at the UN Office at Geneva.
2017年6月，中国军队首次向非盟－联合国达尔富尔混合行动派遣1支140人维和直升机分队。
In June 2017, China’s armed forces dispatched the first helicopter unit of 140 troops to UNAMID.
2017年9月，中国军队8000人规模维和待命部队完成在联合国注册。
In September 2017, the 8,000-strong Chinese peacekeeping standby force completed its PCRS registration.
2017年12月，中国以副主席国身份主持《联合国维和军事情报手册》编写工作。
In December 2017, as deputy chair of the expert working group, China hosted the drafting of UN Military Peacekeeping-Intelligence Handbook.
2018年5月，中国与巴基斯坦在伊斯兰堡签署维和行动政策合作议定书。
In May 2018, China and Pakistan signed a protocol on policy collaboration with regard to the UNPKOs in Islamabad.
2018年6月，中国国防部维和事务办公室改编为中国国防部维和事务中心，中国国防部维和中心改编为中国国防部维和事务中心培训基地。
In June 2018, the Peacekeeping Affairs Office was restructured into the Peacekeeping Affairs Center of the MND of the PRC, and the Peacekeeping Center into the Training Base of the Peacekeeping Affairs Center of the MND of the PRC.
2018年9月，中国维和部队官兵代表应邀出席中非合作论坛北京峰会。
In September 2018, representatives of China’s peacekeeping troops attended the 2018 Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC).
2018年10月，中国13支维和待命分队通过联合国考察评估晋升至二级待命等级。
In October 2018, 13 units of the Chinese peacekeeping standby force passed the UN assessment and were elevated to PCRS Level 2.
2018年12月，中国以副主席国身份主持《联合国维和工兵分队手册》修订工作。
In December 2018, as deputy chair of the expert working group, China hosted the updating of the United Nations Peacekeeping Missions Military Engineer Unit Manual.
2019年至2020年，中国先后有6支二级维和待命分队通过联合国审核晋升至三级待命等级。
In 2019 and 2020, six units of the Chinese peacekeeping standby force passed the UN assessment and were elevated from PCRS Level 2 to Level 3.
2019年10月，庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年大会在北京隆重举行，维和部队方队首次在国庆阅兵中接受检阅。
In October 2019, a grand celebration was held in Beijing to mark the 70th anniversary of the founding of the PRC. The Chinese military peacekeepers were reviewed by the country and the people for the first time in a National Day military parade.
注：附录二、三见附件。
