关于2015年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况的报告（中英对照）

关于2015年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况与2016年国民经济和社会发展计划草案的报告

Report on the Implementation of the 2015 Plan for National Economic and Social Development and on the 2016 Draft Plan for National Economic and Social Development

——2016年3月5日在十二届全国人民代表大会第四次会议上

– Delivered at the Fourth Session of the Twelfth National People’s Congress on March 5, 2016

国家发展和改革委员会

National Development and Reform Commission

各位代表：

Fellow Deputies,

受国务院委托，现将2015年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况与2016年国民经济和社会发展计划草案提请十二届全国人大四次会议审议，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。

The National Development and Reform Commission has been entrusted by the State Council to submit this report on the implementation of the 2015 plan and on the 2016 draft plan for national economic and social development to the Fourth Session of the Twelfth National People’s Congress (NPC) for your deliberation and also for comments from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).

一、2015年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况

I. Implementation of the 2015 Plan for National Economic and Social Development

去年以来，国际经济环境错综复杂，国内经济下行压力加大，各类风险挑战明显增多。各地区各部门在党中央国务院的正确领导下，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，主动适应经济发展新常态，认真执行十二届全国人大三次会议审议批准的2015年国民经济和社会发展计划，落实全国人大财政经济委员会的审查意见，扎实做好各方面工作，经济运行总体平稳，稳中有进，稳中有好，计划执行情况总体是好的。2015年主要目标任务的完成，标志着“十二五”规划胜利收官，我国站在了更高的发展水平上。

Last year, China faced a complex international economic environment, mounting downward pressure on its economy, and a marked increase in the number of risks and challenges; despite this, we ensured that the overall implementation of the 2015 Plan for National Economic and Social Development was successful. This was as a result of the efforts of all regions and departments which, under the correct leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the State Council, followed the general principle of making progress while keeping performance stable, worked to adapt to the new normal in economic development, earnestly implemented the 2015 plan approved at the Third Session of the Twelfth NPC, acted in line with the review of the plan by the NPC’s Financial and Economic Affairs Committee, and worked steadfastly to achieve good results in all respects. Overall, we managed to sustain steady economic development while also ensuring progress and improvement. Major targets and tasks set forth for 2015 were accomplished, marking a successful conclusion to the 12th Five-Year Plan, and helping China’s development move to the next level.

（一）进一步完善宏观经济政策，经济保持中高速增长。创新宏观调控思路和方式，在区间调控基础上加强定向调控、相机调控，内需拉动力增强，出口占国际市场份额继续提高。国内生产总值达到67.67万亿元，增长6.9%，实现年度预期目标。

1. We continued to improve our macroeconomic policy and maintained a medium-high rate of growth. We developed new ideas and methods for macro regulation, and on the basis of range-based regulation, we strengthened both targeted and well-timed regulation. Domestic demand became a stronger economic driver, and the international market share of China’s exports continued to increase. China’s gross domestic product (GDP) reached 67.67 trillion yuan, an increase of 6.9%, meaning the target set at the beginning of the year has been achieved.

一是投资关键作用有效发挥。围绕补短板、调结构，加大有效投资力度。把重大工程建设作为促进投资增长的“牛鼻子”，优化中央预算内投资结构，设立和投放专项建设基金，多措并举鼓励和吸引社会投资，11大类重大投资工程包建设有效推进。全社会固定资产投资增长9.8%，民间投资占固定资产投资（不含农户）比重提高到64.2%。

1) Investment played the key role in driving economic growth. Strengthening points of weakness and adjusting the economic structure were our primary focus when increasing the level of effective investment. To utilize the construction of major projects to stimulate investment growth, we improved the structure of investment from the central government budget, established and earmarked capital for special development funds, and adopted a wide range of measures to encourage and attract nongovernmental investment. As a result, considerable progress was achieved in the construction of major projects in 11 categories. Total fixed-asset investment for the year rose by 9.8%, of which 64.2% came from nongovernmental sources (excluding rural households).

二是消费潜力继续释放。扎实推进6大领域消费工程，实现投资3万亿元，带动相关消费2.8万亿元。旅游、网购、新能源汽车等消费新增长点不断培育壮大，社会消费品零售总额增长10.7%。

2) Consumption potential was further exploited. Steady progress was achieved in six major projects aimed at stimulating consumption, and the three trillion yuan investment in these six projects contributed to consumption worth 2.8 trillion yuan. Tourism, online shopping, new-energy vehicles, and other new growth areas in consumer spending continued to grow, and total retail sales of consumer goods for the year rose by 10.7%.

三是经济结构进一步优化。消费超投资、三产超二产的特征更加明显，消费对经济增长的贡献率达到66.4%；第三产业增加值占国内生产总值的比重首次过半，达到50.5%。城乡区域协调协同性增强，新型城镇化积极推进，常住人口城镇化率56.1%。

3) The economic structure was further improved. In terms of the contribution to economic growth, consumption far outweighed investment, making a 66.4% contribution, while the tertiary industry accounted for far more than the secondary industry. The value-added of the tertiary industry accounted for over half of GDP for the first time, reaching 50.5%. Development between urban and rural areas and between regions became more balanced and coordinated. The New Urbanization saw positive progress, with permanent urban residents now accounting for 56.1% of the population.

四是就业形势总体稳定。新一轮促进就业创业措施出台，创业创新对就业的带动作用增强。城镇新增就业1312万人，年末城镇登记失业率4.05%。

4) The overall employment situation remained stable. New measures to increase employment and business start-ups were introduced, and entrepreneurship and innovation began to make a bigger contribution to increasing employment. An additional 13.12 million urban jobs were created throughout the year. The registered urban unemployment rate stood at 4.05% at the end of 2015.

五是价格总水平温和上涨。居民消费价格上涨1.4%。价格收费监管和反垄断执法深入开展，依法查处价格违法案件3.42万件，实施经济制裁104.77亿元，减轻企业负担约89亿元。

5) Overall prices rose moderately. The consumer price index (CPI) rose by 1.4%. We intensified oversight in relation to prices and charges and increased law enforcement to combat monopolistic pricing. In total, we investigated and dealt with 34,200 cases of pricing violations and imposed economic penalties totaling 10.477 billion yuan in accordance with the law. Our work in this area also helped reduce the burden on enterprises by about 8.9 billion yuan.

（二）改革开放向纵深推进，市场活力和社会创造力不断释放。简政放权、放管结合、优化服务深入推进，重要领域改革取得积极进展，开放型经济新体制加快构建。

2. We deepened reform and opening up and stimulated market vitality and social creativity. We continued to streamline administration, delegate more powers, improving regulation, and provide better services. Progress was made in reforms in key areas, and the building of new systems for an open economy was accelerated.

一是行政审批制度改革不断深化。取消和下放311项行政审批事项，全部取消非行政许可审批，取消214项中央指定地方实施的行政审批事项，取消123项职业资格许可和认定事项。取消国务院部门行政审批中70%的中介服务事项。取消属于企业经营自主权范围的18项核准前置手续。简政放权三张清单、四大平台初步建立。“三证合一”、“一照一码”全面实施，新登记注册企业443.9万户，增长21.6%。不动产登记暂行条例正式实施。

1) The reform of the government review and approval system continued. We cancelled the requirement for or delegated the power of government review on 311 items, cancelled all non-administrative review, exempted 214 items from review and approval conducted by local governments on behalf of the central government, and cancelled the requirement for approval and verification of 123 vocational qualifications. Seventy percent of the intermediary services involved in the review and approval practices of State Council bodies were cancelled. The requirement for pre-registration government review and approval on 18 items was cancelled, and these items are now listed as preliminaries that can be prepared by enterprises themselves. For the purpose of streamlining administration and delegating powers, initial steps were taken to establish the three lists and four platforms. Comprehensive steps were taken nationwide to replace the separate business license, organization code certificate, and taxation registration certificate with a unified business license with a unified social credit code. A total of 4.439 million enterprises were registered in 2015, an increase of 21.6%. The provisional regulations on the registration of immovable property were officially implemented.

二是财税金融改革扎实推进。中央对地方转移支付制度进一步完善，税收征管体制改革启动，资源税从价计征范围扩大，营改增改革稳步实施。促进普惠金融、互联网金融、民营银行发展等政策文件发布实施，取消存款利率浮动上限，利率管制基本放开。存款保险制度正式实施。完善人民币汇率中间价形成机制，人民币加入国际货币基金组织特别提款权（SDR）货币篮子。政策性、开发性金融机构改革取得新进展。采取有效措施防范系统性金融风险。

2) Fiscal, tax, and financial reforms were steadily pushed forward. We made further improvements to the system of transfer payments to local governments, launched reform of the administration system for tax collection, extended the price-based resource tax to cover more types of resources, and registered steady progress in replacing business tax with VAT. Policies promoting the development of inclusive finance, Internet finance, and private banks were published and implemented, floating limits on interest rates on deposits were abolished, and most controls over interest rates were lifted. The deposit insurance system was officially implemented. The mechanism for determining the central parity of RMB exchange rate was improved, and the RMB was included in the International Monetary Fund’s special drawing rights (SDR) basket. Fresh progress was made in the reform of policy-backed financial institutions and developmental financial institutions. Effective measures were taken to prevent the occurrence of systemic financial risks.

三是投融资体制持续创新。开展政府和社会资本合作（PPP），通过特许经营、投资补助等多种方式，鼓励引导社会资本参与基础设施和公用事业建设运营。调整和完善固定资产投资项目资本金比例制度。适当调整和放宽企业债券发行条件，推出城市停车场、地下综合管廊、战略性新兴产业、养老产业、双创孵化、配电网建设改造等6个专项债券和项目收益债券、绿色债券创新品种。

3) The investment and financing systems continued to undergo innovation. We used the public-private partnership (PPP) model and other measures such as granting franchise and subsidizing investment to encourage and guide the involvement of nongovernmental capital in the construction and operation of infrastructure and public utilities. We adjusted and improved the capital contribution requirements for fixed-asset investment projects. We properly adjusted and relaxed corporate bond issuance requirements, and issued new bonds such as project revenue bonds and bonds for eco-friendly initiatives, as well as six special bonds to finance the construction of urban parking lots and underground utility tunnels, the development of strategic emerging industries, the improvement of elderly care services, the building of incubators for entrepreneurship and innovation, and the construction and upgrading of power distribution grids.

四是价格改革力度加大。印发实施推进价格机制改革的若干意见。放开、下放近40项商品和服务价格。修订政府定价目录，中央、地方具体定价项目分别减少80%和55%。降低燃煤发电上网电价和工商业用电价格，大幅降低非居民用天然气门站价格。健全节能环保价格政策。继续清理规范进出口环节收费。

4) Price reform was intensified. The guidelines for moving ahead with price reform were published and implemented. Pricing controls over nearly 40 goods and services were either lifted or delegated to lower-level governments. We revised the government pricing catalog, with pricing items being reduced by 80% for the central government and by 55% for local governments. We reduced the price of on-grid electricity from coal-fired power plants and the price of electricity for industry and commerce, and significantly decreased natural gas city-gate prices for non-residential users. We improved pricing policies to make them more conducive to energy conservation and environmental protection. We further reviewed and standardized charges related to imports and exports.

五是国有企业和重点行业改革稳步展开。10项国有企业改革试点启动实施。国资委履行出资人职责的中央企业从112家减少到106家。新一轮电力体制改革启动。石油天然气勘查开发体制改革开始试点。国有林场和国有林区、水利、供销社、农垦改革有序推进。

5) Steady progress was made in the reform of State-owned Enterprises (SOEs) and major industries. Ten pilot projects were launched as part of the reform of SOEs and the number of central government enterprises for which the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission is the investor was reduced from 112 to 106. We started a new round of structural reform of the electricity industry, began trials to reform the petroleum and natural gas exploration and exploitation system, and systematically promoted the reform of state forestry farms and forestry regions, water conservancy enterprises, rural supply and marketing cooperatives, and state farms on reclaimed land.

六是社会领域改革继续深化。城乡义务教育经费保障机制进一步完善。机关事业单位养老保险制度改革启动。在100个城市开展公立医院综合改革试点，县级公立医院综合改革全面推开，城乡居民大病保险覆盖所有基本医保参保人，分级诊疗制度积极推进。临时救助制度全面实施。降低失业、工伤、生育保险费率，每年可减少企业缴费600多亿元。中央和国家机关公务用车制度改革全面完成，中央企事业单位公务用车制度改革启动实施，地方党政机关公务用车制度改革深入推进。行业协会商会与行政机关脱钩试点全面推开。青海等9省市开展国家公园体制试点。

6) Social reforms were deepened. The mechanism for securing funding for urban and rural compulsory education was improved. Reform of the old age insurance system in Party and government bodies and public institutions was launched. Comprehensive reform of public hospitals was fully implemented in all counties with the reform also being carried out on a trial basis in 100 cities. We worked to ensure that all rural and non-working urban residents who have subscribed to basic medical insurance are also covered by the major disease insurance scheme, and actively promoted the system of tiered diagnosis and treatment. The temporary assistance system was implemented throughout the country. We lowered the premiums for unemployment insurance, workers’ compensation, and maternity insurance, which has helped enterprises to reduce annual contributions by over 60 billion yuan. Reform of the system for the use of official vehicles was completed in all organs of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, this reform was also launched in central government enterprises and public institutions, and its implementation was deepened in local Party and government bodies. Trials to untie industry associations and chambers of commerce from any connections they may have with the government were carried out nationwide. The national park system was implemented on a trial basis in Qinghai and other eight provinces and provincial-level municipalities.

七是对外开放新格局加快形成。构建开放型经济新体制的若干意见发布实施。推进共建“一带一路”的愿景与行动正式发布，“六廊六路多国多港”建设取得积极进展。对“一带一路”相关国家直接投资148亿美元，增长18.2%。国际产能和装备制造合作指导意见发布实施，铁路、核电等走出去实现突破。亚洲基础设施投资银行正式成立，丝路基金启动运行。支持沿边重点地区开发开放若干政策措施的意见出台。修订外商投资产业指导目录，外商投资限制类条目减少50%，有股比要求的条目减少40%，95%以上项目实现备案管理。外债管理由审批制改为备案登记制。新设立广东、天津、福建3个自贸试验区，上海自贸试验区扩展区域。签署中韩、中澳自贸协定和中国－东盟自贸区升级议定书。非金融类外商直接投资1263亿美元，增长5.6%，其中服务业利用外资比重超过60%。非金融类境外直接投资1180亿美元，增长14.7%。

7) The pace to create a new pattern of opening up was accelerated. Guidelines on building new systems for an open economy were issued and implemented. The Vision and Action Plan for Jointly Building the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (the Belt and Road) was officially published, and progress was achieved in the development of six economic corridors and six channels for communications and distribution with key countries and ports serving as connection hubs*. Direct investments totaling US$ 14.8 billion were made to the countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative, an increase of 18.2% over the previous year. The guidelines on international cooperation on industrial capacity and equipment manufacturing were released and implemented, and breakthroughs were made in China’s rail transit technology and nuclear power “going global”. The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank was officially established and the Silk Road Fund was put into operation. Guidelines relating to certain policies and measures supporting the development and opening up of major border areas were published. As a result of implementing the revised Catalog for the Guidance of Industries for Foreign Investment, the number of industries in which foreign investment is restricted was cut by 50%, the number of industries in which the amount of foreign investment is limited was reduced by 40%, and over 95% of all foreign investment projects are now only required to be placed on record with relevant authorities. The model for managing foreign debt was transformed so that foreign debt needs only to be registered instead of reviewed and approved. An additional three pilot free trade zones were established in Guangdong, Tianjin, and Fujian, and the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone was extended in area. Free trade agreements with the Republic of Korea (RoK) and Australia were signed respectively, as was the Protocol to Amend the Framework Agreement on Comprehensive Economic Cooperation between ASEAN and the People’s Republic of China. Non-financial foreign direct investment totaled US$ 126.3 billion, a year-on-year increase of 5.6%, of which the service sector accounted for over 60%. Non-financial outward direct investment amounted to US$ 118 billion, an increase of 14.7%.

Note:

*The six economic corridors include the New Eurasian Continental Bridge, the China-Mongolia-Russia corridor, the China-Central Asia-West Asia corridor, the China-Indochina Peninsula corridor, the China-Pakistan corridor, and the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar corridor. The six channels for communications and distribution refer to highways, railways, airlines, waterways, pipelines, and information networks.