中国在核安全领域的进展报告（中英对照）

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中国在核安全领域的进展报告

National Progress Report on Nuclear Security of the People’s Republic of China

 

自2014年3月召开第三届核安全峰会以来，中国以习近平主席提出的理性、协调、并进的核安全观为指导，全面推进核安全工作，切实落实峰会成果，不断完善国家核安全体系，致力于加强国际核安全体系，并在国家核安全示范中心建设和运营、强化核材料及放射性材料管理、打击核材料非法贩运、提升核应急水平、加强涉核网络安全、建立辐射环境监测体系等方面取得重要进展。

 

Since the third Nuclear Security Summit in March 2014, guided by a sensible, coordinated and balanced approach to nuclear security proposed by President Xi Jinping, China has comprehensively promoted its nuclear security, taken active measures to implement the outcomes of the previous summits. China has been continuously committed to improving its national nuclear security system and strengthening international nuclear security architecture, and has made significant progress in areas such as construction and operation of the national Center of Excellence on Nuclear Security, strengthening management of nuclear and radioactive material, combating illicit trafficking of nuclear material, enhancing nuclear emergency response capability, improving nuclear cyber security and establishing a radiation environment monitoring system.

 

一、完善国家核安全体系

1. Improving national nuclear security system

 

各国对本国的核材料及核设施安全负有首要责任。中国致力于完善国家核安全体系，提高核安全能力，培育核安全文化。

 

It is the fundamental responsibility of each country to maintain security of its nuclear material and facilities. China is dedicated to improving its national nuclear security system, enhancing nuclear security capabilities and boosting nuclear security culture.

 

（一）加强核安全顶层设计。2014年4月，中国将核安全纳入国家总体安全体系，明确了对核安全的战略定位。全国人大分别于2015年7月、2015年12月通过《国家安全法》和《反恐怖主义法》，从法律层面明确将核安全列为维护国家安全、反对恐怖主义的重要方面，并规定了具体的核安全任务和措施。《原子能法》、《核安全法》立法工作稳步推进，目前已列入全国人大立法计划。

 

(1) Strengthening the top-level planning for nuclear security. China has brought nuclear security into its general national security system, and defined the strategic significance of nuclear security. The National People’s Congress has passed State Security Law in July 2015 and Anti-Terrorism Law in December 2015, which made it clear in legal terms that nuclear security is a vital aspect of national security and anti-terrorism issues, and formulated specific tasks and measures of nuclear security. China is making steady progress in promoting legislations on atomic energy and on nuclear safety, both of which have been included in the legislative agenda of the National People’s Congress.

 

（二）完善核安全法规标准。研究编制《核安保条例》，目前已上报国务院；颁布实施《核材料管制视察管理办法》、《核材料管制报告管理办法》、《核材料登记管理办法》等规范性文件；修订《核电厂核事故应急管理条例》。

 

(2) Improving nuclear security regulations and standards. China has been in the process of drafting Nuclear Security Regulations, which is being reviewed by the State Council. China has promulgated series of standardization documents such as administrative measures on inspection of nuclear material management, reporting of nuclear materials management, and registration of nuclear material. China has also amended the Regulations on Emergency Response to the Nuclear Accidents at Nuclear Power Plants.

 

（三）加强核安全能力建设。重点针对核设施、核材料、放射源安全及核材料出口管制、打击非法贩运等领域，加强基础设施和硬件设备建设，提高执法人员水平，提升从业人员核安全意识，推动核工业界采纳国际原子能机构相关导则和规范。建设核安全监管技术研发基地，加强核安全监管技术能力。

 

(3) Strengthening nuclear security capabilities. China has been promoting infrastructure and appliances construction, enhancing law enforcement capabilities and awareness of nuclear security of relevant personnel, and encouraging nuclear industries to adopt relevant guidelines and standards mainly in priority areas such as security of nuclear materials, nuclear facilities, radioactive sources, nuclear materials export control and combating illicit trafficking. China has been pushing forward the construction of the National Base for Research and Development of Nuclear and Radiological Safety and Security Monitoring Technologies, and strengthening such capabilities.

 

（四）培育核安全文化。2014年9月，中国环境保护部、国家能源局、国家原子能机构联合发布《核安全文化政策声明》，面向全行业、全社会倡导加强核安全文化。积极开展核安全文化专项宣传活动，逐步建立长效评估机制。

 

(4) Boosting nuclear security culture. In September 2014, Ministry of Environmental Protection, National Energy Administration and China Atomic Energy Authority jointly published the Policy Statement on Nuclear Security Culture, which calls on the nuclear industry and the whole society to strengthen nuclear security culture. China has also positively carried out publicity activities focusing on promoting nuclear security culture, and is in the process of establishing a mechanism on long-term and constant evaluation.

 

二、加强国际核安全体系

2. Strengthening the international nuclear security system

 

中国致力于构建公平、合作、共赢的国际核安全体系，为核能安全地造福人类提供强有力、可持续的制度保障。

 

China is dedicated to building an international nuclear security system featuring fairness and win-win cooperation, which provides a strong and sustainable institutional guarantee to make sure that nuclear energy benefit human beings in a safe and secure way.

 

（一）加强核安全国际法律文书

 

(1) Strengthening international legal instruments on nuclear security

 

中国已批准《核材料实物保护公约》及其修订案，批准了《制止核恐怖主义行为国际公约》，一贯忠实履行所承担的国际法律义务，积极推动加强有关公约的普遍性和有效性。中国严格执行联合国安理会第1373号、第1540号、第1887号等反恐、防扩散决议，继续支持联合国大会通过核安全相关决议。

 

China has ratified the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (CPPNM) and its amendment, and the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism. China consistently and faithfully fulfills its international legal obligations, and positively promotes the universality and effectiveness of relevant conventions. China strictly implements United Nations Security Council Resolution 1373, Resolution 1540, Resolution 1887 and other anti-terrorism and non-proliferation related resolutions. China will continue to support the United Nations General Assembly to adopt nuclear security related resolutions.

 

（二）支持国际原子能机构工作

 

(2) Supporting the work of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

 

中国支持国际原子能机构在核安全国际合作中发挥核心作用，并从政治、技术和资金等方面，为国际原子能机构提供全方位支持。

 

China supports the central role of the IAEA in international cooperation on nuclear security and has provided all-around support, including political, technical and financial support to the IAEA.

 

中国与国际原子能机构在核材料安保、放射源监管、核与辐射应急响应等领域积极开展合作，推荐专家参加国际原子能机构核安全文件制定，与国际原子能机构一道在中国举办核安全培训班，2014年至2015年累计培训国内外从业人员400余人次。中国并加入了国际原子能机构核应急与响应救援国际网络。

 

China has positively carried out cooperation with the IAEA in areas such as nuclear materials security, radioactive sources monitoring, and nuclear and radiation emergency response. China has recommended experts to participate in the formulation of IAEA nuclear security documents, and hosted workshops in China jointly with the IAEA, which has trained over 400 man-times of nuclear security personnel from China and other countries. China also joined the Response and Assistance Network of the IAEA.

 

中国支持国际原子能机构开展核安全国际实物保护咨询服务。中国于2015年9月正式邀请国际原子能机构对中国在国家层面和设施层面开展国际实物保护咨询服务，相关项目于2016年正式进入实施阶段。中国并已邀请国际原子能机构于2016年对中国开展核与辐射安全监管综合评估后续行动。

 

China supports the IAEA to conduct International Physical Protection Advisory Service (IPPAS) on nuclear security. In September 2015, China formally invited the IAEA to undertake an IPPAS mission at both national and facility levels in China and the mission will be formally carried out in 2016. China has also invited the IAEA to undertake an Integrated Regulatory Review Services (IRRS) follow-up mission in 2016.

 

中国持续向国际原子能机构核安全基金捐款，用于支持中国和亚洲地区其他国家的核安全能力建设。截至2015年底，中国已向该基金累计捐款115万美元。中国将积极考虑增加每年捐款数额，并继续捐赠中国研发的核安全设备。

 

China continuously makes contribution to the IAEA Nuclear Security Fund, with a view to promoting nuclear security capacity building of China as well as other regional countries in Asia. Till the end of 2015, China has donated 1.15 million US dollars to this Fund. China will give positive considerations to increasing the annual amount of donation, and will continue to donate nuclear security equipment developed by China.

 

（三）积极参与国际交流与合作

(3) Actively participating in international exchanges and cooperation

 

除国际原子能机构外，中国欢迎其他相关组织和机制根据各自授权，在核安全领域发挥重要作用，并加强相互间的协调和互补。中国深入参与联合国安理会1540委员会工作，于2014年10月接待该委员会代表团进行首次国家访问，并于2015年9月举办执行安理会第1540号决议亚太地区联络点培训班。中国还积极参与“打击核恐怖主义全球倡议”、国际刑警组织、东盟地区论坛、亚欧会议等框架下的核安全会议和演练活动。

 

China welcomes other relevant organizations and mechanisms, apart from the IAEA, to play an important role in nuclear security area in accordance with their respective mandates while enhancing synergy and coordination among themselves. China has been deeply involved in the work of the 1540 Committee of the United Nations Security Council. China received the first country visit by the 1540 Committee in October 2014, and hosted a training course on UNSC Resolution 1540 implementation for Points of Contacts in the Asia-Pacific region. China also actively participates in meetings and exercises on nuclear security organized under frameworks of the Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism, International Criminal Police Organization, the ASEAN Regional Forum, and Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM), among others.

 

中国高度重视国家间的核安全政策交流与务实合作。2015年9月，习近平主席与美国总统奥巴马同意建立两国核安全年度对话机制。双方于2016年2月20日在瑞典斯德哥尔摩举行了首次对话，进一步深化了两国在国际核安全事务中的协调与合作。中国还同俄罗斯、法国、英国、印度、韩国、巴基斯坦等国家，就核安全问题保持磋商和交流。

 

China highly values policy exchanges and practical cooperation in nuclear security between countries. In September 2015, President Xi Jinping and U.S. President Obama agreed to establish an annual bilateral nuclear security dialogue mechanism. The first round of dialogue was held on 20 February 2016, which further deepened bilateral coordination and cooperation on international nuclear security issues. China also constantly conducts consultations and exchanges on nuclear security issues with countries such as Russia, France, United Kingdom, India, Republic of Korea, and Pakistan.

 

中国欢迎核安全峰会成员国提出的核安全自愿性倡议，将正式加入“加强核安全举措落实”、“加强全球核安全的持续行动”等倡议。

 

China welcomes the gift baskets proposed by Participating States of the Nuclear Security Summit and will formally sign up for gift baskets including “Strengthening Nuclear Security Implementation” and “Sustaining Actions to Promote Global Nuclear Security”.