英语口译、笔译资料下载 “一国两制”在香港特别行政区的实践 The
Practice of the “One Country, Two Systems” Policy in the Hong Kong Special
Administrative Region
中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室 Information Office of the State
Council, The People’s Republic of China
2014年6月 June 2014
目录 Contents
前言 Foreword
一、香港顺利回归祖国的历程 I.
Hong Kong’s Smooth Return to China
二、特别行政区制度在香港的确立 II.
Establishment of the Special Administrative Region System in Hong Kong
三、香港特别行政区各项事业取得全面进步 III.
Comprehensive Progress Made in Various Undertakings in the HKSAR
四、中央政府全力支持香港特别行政区繁荣发展 IV.
Efforts Made by the Central Government to Ensure the Prosperity and Development
of the HKSAR
五、全面准确理解和贯彻“一国两制”方针政策 V.
Fully and Accurately Understanding and Implementing the Policy of “One Country,
Two Systems”
结束语 Conclusion
附录 Appendix
前言 Foreword
“一个国家,两种制度”是中国政府为实现国家和平统一而提出的基本国策。按照“一国两制”方针,中国政府通过与英国政府的外交谈判成功解决历史遗留的香港问题,于1997年7月1日对香港恢复行使主权,实现了长期以来中国人民收回香港的共同愿望。香港从此摆脱殖民统治,回到祖国怀抱,走上了与祖国内地优势互补、共同发展的宽广道路。
“One country, two systems” is a
basic state policy the Chinese government has adopted to realize the peaceful
reunification of the country. Following this principle, the Chinese government
successfully solved the question of Hong Kong through diplomatic negotiations
with the British government, and resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Hong
Kong on July 1, 1997, fulfilling the common aspiration of the Chinese people
for the recovery of Hong Kong. As a result, Hong Kong got rid of colonial rule
and returned to the embrace of the motherland, and embarked on the broad road
of common development with the mainland, as they complemented each other’s advantages.
香港回归祖国后,“一国两制”由科学构想变成生动现实。中央政府严格按照香港基本法办事,认真履行宪制责任,坚定支持香港特别行政区行政长官和政府依法施政;香港特别行政区依法实行高度自治,享有行政管理权、立法权、独立的司法权和终审权,继续保持原有的资本主义制度和生活方式不变,法律基本不变,继续保持繁荣稳定,各项事业全面发展。“一国两制”在香港日益深入人心,得到包括香港同胞在内的全国人民的衷心拥护和国际社会的广泛好评。
Hong Kong’s return to the
motherland turned “one country, two systems” from a scientific concept into
vivid reality. The central government strictly adheres to the Basic Law of Hong Kong, earnestly
performs its constitutional duties and stands firm in supporting the
administration of the chief executive and the government of the Hong Kong
Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) in accordance with the law. The HKSAR
exercises a high degree of autonomy in accordance with the law, and is vested with
executive, legislative and independent judicial power, including that of final
adjudication. The previous capitalist system and way of life remain unchanged,
and most laws continue to apply. Hong Kong continues to prosper, its society
remains stable, and full development is being witnessed in all undertakings.
The “one country, two systems” policy enjoys growing popularity in Hong Kong,
winning the wholehearted support from Hong Kong compatriots as well as people
in all other parts of China. It is also thought highly by the international
community.
“一国两制”作为一项新生事物,需要在实践中不断探索、开拓前进。回顾总结“一国两制”在香港特别行政区的实践历程,全面准确地理解和贯彻“一国两制”方针政策, 有利于维护国家主权、安全和发展利益,有利于保持香港长期繁荣稳定,有利于继续推动“一国两制”实践沿着正确的轨道向前发展。
“One country, two systems” is a
new domain in which we constantly explore new possibilities and make new
progress in pioneering spirit. A summary of the policy’s implementation in the
HKSAR, and a comprehensive and correct understanding and implementation of the
policy will prove useful for safeguarding China’s sovereignty, security and
development interests, for maintaining long-term prosperity and stability in
Hong Kong, and for further promoting the “one country, two systems” practice
along the correct track of development.
一、香港顺利回归祖国的历程 I. Hong
Kong’s Smooth Return to China
20世纪80年代初,为实现国家和平统一,国家领导人邓小平创造性地提出了“一国两制”的科学构想,并首先用于解决香港问题。按照邓小平的论述,“一国两制”是指在一个中国的前提下,国家的主体坚持社会主义制度,香港、澳门、台湾保持原有的资本主义制度长期不变。
In the early 1980s, China’s state
leader Deng Xiaoping put forward the scientific concept known as “one country,
two systems” in an effort to realize the peaceful reunification of China, and
this ingenious design was first applied to solve the question of Hong Kong.
According to Deng Xiaoping, “one country, two systems” means there is only but
one China and under this premise the mainland adheres to the socialist system
while Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan may retain their capitalist systems over a
long time to come.
1982年12月4日,第五届全国人民代表大会第五次会议通过并公布施行的《中华人民共和国宪法》第三十一条规定:国家在必要时得设立特别行政区。在特别行政区内实行的制度按照具体情况由全国人民代表大会以法律规定。这体现了“一国两制”构想,为中国政府在实现国家和平统一时,在某些区域设立实行不同于内地的制度和政策的特别行政区提供了直接的宪法依据。在经过深入的调查研究后,1983年初,中国政府就解决香港问题形成了十二条基本方针政策。“十二条”包括:1、中国政府决定于1997年7月1日对香港地区恢复行使主权。2、恢复行使主权后,根据宪法第三十一条规定,在香港设立特别行政区,直辖于中央人民政府,享有高度自治权。3、特别行政区享有立法权,有独立的司法权和终审权。现行的法律、法令、条例基本不变。4、特别行政区政府由当地人组成。主要官员在当地通过选举或协商产生,由中央人民政府委任。原香港政府各部门的公务、警务人员可予留任。特别行政区各机构也可聘请英国及其他外籍人士担任顾问。5、现行的社会、经济制度不变,生活方式不变。保障言论、出版、集会、结社、旅行、迁徙、通信自由和宗教信仰自由。私人财产、企业所有权、合法继承权以及外来投资均受法律保护。6、香港特别行政区仍为自由港和独立关税地区。7、保持金融中心地位,继续开放外汇、黄金、证券、期货等市场,资金进出自由,港币照常流通,自由兑换。8、特别行政区财政保持独立。9、特别行政区可同英国建立互惠经济关系。英国在香港的经济利益将得到照顾。10、特别行政区可以“中国香港”的名义,单独地同世界各国、各地区以及有关国际组织保持和发展经济、文化关系,签订协议。特别行政区政府可自行签发出入香港的旅行证件。11、特别行政区的社会治安由特别行政区政府负责。12、上述方针政策,由全国人民代表大会以香港特别行政区基本法规定之,50年不变。
On December 4, 1982, the Fifth
Session of the Fifth National People’s Congress (NPC) endorsed a new Constitution of the People’s Republic of
China. Its Article 31 provides, “The
state may establish special administrative regions when necessary. The systems
to be instituted in special administrative regions shall be prescribed by law
enacted by the National People’s Congress in the light of the specific
conditions.” Giving expression to the “one country, two systems” concept, this Article provides the constitutional
basis for the establishment of special administrative regions in certain areas
that adopt different social systems and different policies from those on the
mainland, as the Chinese government makes efforts to realize the peaceful
reunification of China. After in-depth investigations and research, the Chinese
government formulated 12 basic policies regarding the question of Hong Kong,
known as the “12 Principles,” in early 1983. The main contents were: (1) The
Chinese government decided to resume the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong
as of July 1, 1997. (2) After resuming the exercise of sovereignty over Hong
Kong, the central government would establish a special administrative region in
Hong Kong in accordance with the provisions in Article 31 of the Constitution.
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region would be directly under the
authority of the Central People’s Government and would enjoy a high degree of
autonomy. (3) The HKSAR would be vested with legislative and independent
judicial power, including that of final adjudication. The laws, decrees and
regulations currently in force in Hong Kong would remain basically unchanged.
(4) The government of the HKSAR would be composed of local inhabitants. The
principal officials would be selected by election or through consultations held
locally and be appointed by the Central People’s Government. Those previously
working in the public and police services in the government departments of Hong
Kong may remain in employment. British and other foreign nationals may also be
employed to serve as advisers to government departments of the HKSAR. (5) The
current social and economic systems in Hong Kong would remain unchanged, and so
would the life-style. Freedoms, including those of speech, of the press, of
assembly, of association, of travel, of movement, of correspondence, and of
religious belief would be ensured in the HKSAR. Private property, ownership of
enterprises, legitimate right of inheritance and foreign investment would be
protected by law. (6) The HKSAR would retain the status of a free port and a
separate customs territory. (7) The HKSAR would retain the status of a
financial center, and its markets for foreign exchange, gold, securities and
futures would continue. There would continue to be a free flow of capital, and
the Hong Kong dollar would continue to circulate and remain freely convertible.
(8) The HKSAR would have independent finances. (9) The HKSAR may establish
mutually beneficial economic relations with the United Kingdom, whose economic
interests in Hong Kong would be given due regard. (10) Using the name “Hong
Kong, China,” the HKSAR may on its own maintain and develop economic and
cultural relations and conclude relevant agreements with states, regions and
relevant international organizations. The government of the HKSAR may itself
issue travel documents for entry into and exit from Hong Kong. (11) The
maintenance of public order in the HKSAR would be the responsibility of the
government of the HKSAR. And (12) the above-stated policies would be stipulated
in the Basic Law of the HKSAR by the
NPC of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), and they would remain unchanged for
50 years.
1982年9月24日,邓小平会见来访的英国首相撒切尔夫人,阐明了中国政府对香港问题的基本立场,指出主权问题不是一个可以讨论的问题,1997年中国将收回香港。在这个前提下,中英两国磋商解决香港如何过渡得好以及15年后香港怎么办的问题。这标志着中英关于香港问题的谈判拉开序幕。1984年12月19日,中英两国政府经过22轮谈判后,在北京正式签署《中华人民共和国政府和大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国政府关于香港问题的联合声明》,确认中华人民共和国政府于1997年7月1日对香港恢复行使主权。中国政府还在联合声明中阐明以“十二条”为核心内容的对香港的基本方针政策。中英联合声明的签署,标志着香港进入回归祖国前的过渡期。在13年的过渡期内,中国政府坚定不移地遵循“一国两制”方针政策,紧紧依靠香港同胞,坚决排除各种干扰,有条不紊地推进对香港恢复行使主权的各项准备工作。
During his meeting with the
visiting British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher on September 24, 1982, Deng
Xiaoping made clear the Chinese government’s position on the question of Hong
Kong, pointing out that sovereignty was not a matter for discussion and that
China would take back Hong Kong in 1997. It was under this premise that China
and Britain would negotiate to ensure the smooth transfer of Hong Kong and
clarify what was to be done about Hong Kong 15 years later. This marked the
beginning of the negotiations between China and Britain on the question of Hong
Kong. On December 19, 1984, after 22 rounds of negotiations, the governments of
China and Britain signed the Joint
Declaration of the Government of the People’s Republic of China and the
Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on the
Question of Hong Kong in Beijing, confirming that the government of the PRC
would resume its exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong with effect from July
1, 1997. The Chinese government also made clear in the Joint Declaration its basic policies regarding Hong Kong based on
the “12 Principles.” The signing of the Sino-British
Joint Declaration marked the entry of Hong Kong into a 13-year transition
period before its return to China. During this period, the Chinese government
unswervingly followed the “one country, two systems” policy, closely relied on
the Hong Kong compatriots, and resolutely held off interference to promote the
preparation work for Hong Kong’s return.
1985年4月10日,第六届全国人大第三次会议决定成立中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法起草委员会,负责起草香港基本法。同年7月起草委员会开始工作,1990年2月完成起草任务,历时四年零八个月。香港基本法的起草过程高度民主、开放,广大香港同胞积极参与起草工作。在起草委员会59名委员中,来自香港各方面的人士有23名。起草委员会还委托香港委员在香港成立由180位各界人士组成的基本法咨询委员会,广泛收集香港社会各界的意见和建议。1988年4月,起草委员会公布香港基本法(草案)征求意见稿;1989年2月,全国人大常委会公布香港基本法(草案),先后两次在香港和内地广泛征求意见。香港和内地社会各界人士踊跃参与讨论,其中,仅香港人士就提出近8万份意见和建议。香港基本法体现了包括香港同胞在内的全体中国人民的共同意志,凝聚了广大中华儿女的集体智慧。
On April 10, 1985, the Third
Session of the Sixth NPC decided to form the Drafting Committee for the Basic Law of the HKSAR of the PRC. In
July, the Drafting Committee began its work. It completed its mission in
February 1990, taking four years and eight months to develop the Basic Law of Hong Kong. The drafting of
the Basic Law of Hong Kong was highly
democratic and open, and the compatriots of Hong Kong were widely involved.
Twenty-three of the 59 members of the Drafting Committee came from various
walks of life in Hong Kong, and the Drafting Committee entrusted its Hong Kong
members to set up a 180-member counseling committee in Hong Kong to collect the
views and opinions of the people of Hong Kong. In April 1988, the Drafting
Committee published the Basic Law of Hong
Kong (draft) for comments, and in February 1989 the Standing Committee of
the NPC made public the Basic Law of the
HKSAR (draft) and twice widely solicited views in Hong Kong and on the
mainland. People from all walks of life in Hong Kong and the mainland took
active part in the deliberation and discussion of the draft, and in Hong Kong
alone nearly 80,000 files of views and comments were collected. The Basic Law
of Hong Kong embodies the common will of all Chinese people, including Hong
Kong compatriots, and encapsulates the wisdom of the Chinese nation.
1990年4月4日,第七届全国人大第三次会议通过《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》,同时作出设立香港特别行政区的决定。香港基本法是根据宪法制定的基本法律,规定了在香港特别行政区实行的制度和政策,是“一国两制”方针政策的法律化、制度化,为“一国两制”在香港特别行政区的实践提供了法律保障。邓小平高度评价香港基本法,称它是“具有历史意义和国际意义的法律”,是“具有创造性的杰作”。
On April 4, 1990, the Third
Session of the Seventh NPC passed the Basic
Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of
China, and made the decision to establish the HKSAR. The Basic Law of the HKSAR is a basic law
formulated in accordance with the Constitution of the People’s Republic of
China. It stipulates the system and policies to be instituted in the HKSAR, and
is the legalization and institutionalization of the “one country, two systems”
policy. It also provides a legal basis for the implementation of “one country,
two systems” in the HKSAR. The Basic Law
was lauded by Deng Xiaoping as a “law of historic and international
significance” and “a creative masterpiece.”
香港基本法颁布后,中国政府着手筹备成立香港特别行政区的工作。1993年7月,全国人大常委会设立香港特别行政区筹备委员会预备工作委员会(预委会);1996年1月,全国人民代表大会香港特别行政区筹备委员会(筹委会)成立。预委会和筹委会为实现香港平稳过渡和政权顺利交接做了大量工作。
Following the promulgation of the
Basic Law, the Chinese government began preparation work for the establishment
of the HKSAR. In July 1993, the NPC Standing Committee authorized the formation
of the Preliminary Working Commission of the Preparatory Committee of the HKSAR
(the Preliminary Working Commission). In January 1996, the Preparatory
Committee of the HKSAR of the NPC (the Preparatory Committee) was established.
Both the commission and the committee did a great deal of work for the smooth
transition and transfer of government in Hong Kong.
1997年7月1日,中国政府对香港恢复行使主权,香港特别行政区成立,基本法开始实施。香港进入了“一国两制”、“港人治港”、高度自治的历史新纪元。作为祖国大家庭的一分子,香港同胞与内地民众共享伟大祖国的尊严与荣耀,共担中华民族伟大复兴的责任和使命。
On July 1, 1997, the Chinese
government resumed its exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong. At the same
time, the HKSAR was established and the Basic Law came into effect. Hong Kong
entered a new epoch characterized by “one country, two systems,” “Hong Kong
people governing Hong Kong” and a high degree of autonomy. As members of the
big Chinese family, the people of Hong Kong and the people of the mainland
share the pride and glory of the great mother country, and bear the common
responsibility and mission of rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. |
|小黑屋|手机版|Archiver|英语口译 ( 渝ICP备10012431号-2 )
GMT+8, 2014-7-11 22:46 , Processed in 0.114256 second(s), 24 queries , Gzip On.